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Aims <p>Peanut (<i>Arachis hypogaea</i> L.) efficiently explores soil phosphorus (P) through root plasticity and rhizosphere modifications. However, how root system adjustments vary across soils with contrasting P availability remains unclear. This study evaluated peanut root traits, P uptake, and bulk soil and rhizosphere P dynamics under contrasting soil types and P levels.</p> Methods <p>Two peanut cultivars contrasting in growth cycle and root development were grown under greenhouse conditions in three soil-specific experiments (sandy loam, silt loam, and silty clay loam) adjusted to low, medium, and high P levels. Plant biomass, root morphological traits, and P uptake were quantified, together with changes in bulk soil and rhizosphere P fractions.</p> Results <p>Plants with more extensive root systems exhibited greater P uptake under low P conditions. In silt loam, root growth sustained biomass production even at low P, with minimal response to additional fertilization. Rhizosphere soils had, on average, 0.4 units lower pH than bulk soil and showed marked depletion of labile phosphorus fractions near roots. The degree of P depletion correlated with P uptake, particularly for water-extractable P. Despite higher total P in the silt loam, its lower solubility limited plant availability compared with sandy loam and silty clay loam.</p> Conclusion <p>Enhanced P uptake in low-P soils was primarily driven by greater carbon allocation to roots, increased root length, and a mild, localized rhizosphere acidification, enabling the solubilization of less labile P forms. These findings highlight the potential of breeding and selecting peanut cultivars with superior root systems to improve P use efficiency and reduce reliance on phosphate fertilizers.</p>

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Root traits and rhizosphere phosphorus dynamics regulate phosphorus uptake in peanut across contrasting soils

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月22日

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  • Carlos Felipe dos Santos Cordeiro,
  • Anita Beltrame,
  • Chad Penn,
  • Ciro Antonio Rosolem

摘要

Aims

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) efficiently explores soil phosphorus (P) through root plasticity and rhizosphere modifications. However, how root system adjustments vary across soils with contrasting P availability remains unclear. This study evaluated peanut root traits, P uptake, and bulk soil and rhizosphere P dynamics under contrasting soil types and P levels.

Methods

Two peanut cultivars contrasting in growth cycle and root development were grown under greenhouse conditions in three soil-specific experiments (sandy loam, silt loam, and silty clay loam) adjusted to low, medium, and high P levels. Plant biomass, root morphological traits, and P uptake were quantified, together with changes in bulk soil and rhizosphere P fractions.

Results

Plants with more extensive root systems exhibited greater P uptake under low P conditions. In silt loam, root growth sustained biomass production even at low P, with minimal response to additional fertilization. Rhizosphere soils had, on average, 0.4 units lower pH than bulk soil and showed marked depletion of labile phosphorus fractions near roots. The degree of P depletion correlated with P uptake, particularly for water-extractable P. Despite higher total P in the silt loam, its lower solubility limited plant availability compared with sandy loam and silty clay loam.

Conclusion

Enhanced P uptake in low-P soils was primarily driven by greater carbon allocation to roots, increased root length, and a mild, localized rhizosphere acidification, enabling the solubilization of less labile P forms. These findings highlight the potential of breeding and selecting peanut cultivars with superior root systems to improve P use efficiency and reduce reliance on phosphate fertilizers.