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Background and aims <p>Rangelands, critical ecosystems supporting livestock production and carbon storage, depend on soil moisture (SM) dynamics for ecosystem functionality and climate resilience. However, global spatiotemporal heterogeneity in SM long-term trends, interannual fluctuations (IAF), and their coupling with gross primary productivity (GPP) across seasonal and soil depth gradients remain poorly understood. This study aims to elucidate these dynamics to inform adaptive rangeland management under climate change.</p> Methods <p>Using the 1948–2024 GLDAS Noah dataset, a three-dimensional attribution framework quantified SM trends and IAF across 0–200&#xa0;cm soil layers and seasons. Spatiotemporal analysis, vertical stratification assessment, and Pearson correlations with GOSIF-GPP data revealed SM dynamics and productivity associations in global rangelands.</p> Results <p>2000 marked a critical turning point: total SM shifted from weak pre-2000 increase (0.13&#xa0;kg·m⁻<sup>2</sup>·year⁻<sup>1</sup>) to significant decline (− 1.12&#xa0;kg·m⁻<sup>2</sup>·year⁻<sup>1</sup>), with 73.35% of regions drying (notably Siberia, Canada, southern Africa). The 40–100&#xa0;cm layer was the core sensitive zone (0.47&#xa0;kg·m⁻<sup>2</sup>·year⁻<sup>1</sup> decline) with highest contribution efficiency. IAF dominated globally but showed regional divergence, while 10–100&#xa0;cm SM strongly correlated with GPP, especially in grasslands.</p> Conclusion <p>Post-2000 systemic SM drying in rangelands exhibits vertical and seasonal heterogeneity in trend/IAF contributions. The 40–100&#xa0;cm sensitive layer and 10–100&#xa0;cm GPP coupling highlight critical functional zones, clarifying SM-productivity mechanisms to support targeted climate adaptation strategies.</p>

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Spatiotemporal contributions of trends and interannual fluctuations in soil moisture and their associations with GPP in global rangelands

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月14日

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  • Gao Xinran,
  • Qiang Si,
  • Jianhua Xiao,
  • Yang Li

摘要

Background and aims

Rangelands, critical ecosystems supporting livestock production and carbon storage, depend on soil moisture (SM) dynamics for ecosystem functionality and climate resilience. However, global spatiotemporal heterogeneity in SM long-term trends, interannual fluctuations (IAF), and their coupling with gross primary productivity (GPP) across seasonal and soil depth gradients remain poorly understood. This study aims to elucidate these dynamics to inform adaptive rangeland management under climate change.

Methods

Using the 1948–2024 GLDAS Noah dataset, a three-dimensional attribution framework quantified SM trends and IAF across 0–200 cm soil layers and seasons. Spatiotemporal analysis, vertical stratification assessment, and Pearson correlations with GOSIF-GPP data revealed SM dynamics and productivity associations in global rangelands.

Results

2000 marked a critical turning point: total SM shifted from weak pre-2000 increase (0.13 kg·m⁻2·year⁻1) to significant decline (− 1.12 kg·m⁻2·year⁻1), with 73.35% of regions drying (notably Siberia, Canada, southern Africa). The 40–100 cm layer was the core sensitive zone (0.47 kg·m⁻2·year⁻1 decline) with highest contribution efficiency. IAF dominated globally but showed regional divergence, while 10–100 cm SM strongly correlated with GPP, especially in grasslands.

Conclusion

Post-2000 systemic SM drying in rangelands exhibits vertical and seasonal heterogeneity in trend/IAF contributions. The 40–100 cm sensitive layer and 10–100 cm GPP coupling highlight critical functional zones, clarifying SM-productivity mechanisms to support targeted climate adaptation strategies.