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Aims <p>This study aimed to investigate the tolerance mechanisms of <i>Amorpha fruticosa</i> under cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and combined stress, and assess its potential for phytostabilization in mining-contaminated soils.</p> Methods <p>Pot experiments were conducted under Cd (15, 30&#xa0;mg&#xa0;kg<sup>−1</sup>), Cu (300, 600&#xa0;mg&#xa0;kg<sup>−1</sup>), and combined Cd-Cu treatments to evaluate physiological and root structural responses of <i>A. fruticosa</i>. A slope-based bioretention model was further applied to evaluate its effects on metal migration and soil erosion under simulated rainfall.</p> Results <p>Under moderate single and combined metal stress (Cd: 15&#xa0;mg&#xa0;kg<sup>−1</sup>, Cu: 300&#xa0;mg&#xa0;kg<sup>−1</sup>), <i>A. fruticosa</i> mitigated oxidative damage and maintained biomass through enhanced antioxidant defense and osmotic regulation. Root structural barriers, including thickened endodermal and xylem cell walls, restricted metal translocation, resulting in the retention of up to 95% of Cd and 89% of Cu in roots. However, under high combined Cd-Cu stress, detoxification capacity declined, leading to reduced tolerance. Bioretention experiments showed that <i>A. fruticosa</i> reduced soil loss and erosion by approximately 25%, while decreasing Cd and Cu migration by 18—43%.</p> Conclusions <p>These findings indicate that <i>A. fruticosa</i> combines physiological tolerance with effective ecological stabilization, highlighting its potential for phytostabilization in Cd-Cu co-contaminated mining areas.</p>

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Phytostabilization potential of Amorpha fruticosa for cadmium and copper in mining soils: tolerance mechanisms and migration control

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月14日

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  • Xin Zheng,
  • Ling Lei,
  • Huayan Huang,
  • Yuyuan Ouyang,
  • Li Long,
  • Maohang Jia,
  • Shuang Feng,
  • Zaijin Sun,
  • Heng Xu

摘要

Aims

This study aimed to investigate the tolerance mechanisms of Amorpha fruticosa under cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and combined stress, and assess its potential for phytostabilization in mining-contaminated soils.

Methods

Pot experiments were conducted under Cd (15, 30 mg kg−1), Cu (300, 600 mg kg−1), and combined Cd-Cu treatments to evaluate physiological and root structural responses of A. fruticosa. A slope-based bioretention model was further applied to evaluate its effects on metal migration and soil erosion under simulated rainfall.

Results

Under moderate single and combined metal stress (Cd: 15 mg kg−1, Cu: 300 mg kg−1), A. fruticosa mitigated oxidative damage and maintained biomass through enhanced antioxidant defense and osmotic regulation. Root structural barriers, including thickened endodermal and xylem cell walls, restricted metal translocation, resulting in the retention of up to 95% of Cd and 89% of Cu in roots. However, under high combined Cd-Cu stress, detoxification capacity declined, leading to reduced tolerance. Bioretention experiments showed that A. fruticosa reduced soil loss and erosion by approximately 25%, while decreasing Cd and Cu migration by 18—43%.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that A. fruticosa combines physiological tolerance with effective ecological stabilization, highlighting its potential for phytostabilization in Cd-Cu co-contaminated mining areas.