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Aims <p>This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the taxonomic diversity, functional potential, and biofertilizer-screening potential of rhizosphere microorganisms associated with <i>Opisthopappus taihangensis</i> under environmental stress.</p> Methods <p>The 12 soil samples were collected using sterile methods from a depth of 0—20&#xa0;cm at four sampling sites in Shanxi Province on July 30, 2024. Amplicon sequencing was employed to characterize the taxonomic composition of rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities. Functional annotation of bacteria and fungi was performed using FAPROTAX and FungalTraits, respectively. Bacterial isolates were screened for multifunctional traits. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) diversity was assessed via morphological identification and high-throughput sequencing, and the growth‑promoting effects (plant height, ground diameter, dry weight) of the combined application of AMF and plant growth‑promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) were verified.</p> Results <p>Sequencing revealed diverse microbial communities (39 bacterial phyla/365 genera; 13 fungal phyla/386 genera) with site‑specific variations. Bacteria were enriched in nitrogen‑cycling functions; fungi were dominated by AMF symbioses. Six bacterial isolates (<i>Klebsiella</i>, <i>Kluyvera</i>, <i>Enterobacter</i>) solubilized organic/inorganic phosphorus, produced ACC deaminase, siderophores, and IAA, and suppressed three pathogens (<i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>, <i>Neofusicoccum gregarium</i>, <i>Colletotrichum ampelinum</i>). Dominant AMF genera were <i>Glomus</i> and <i>Rhizophagus</i>, with <i>Rhizophagus intraradices</i> as a putative keystone species. Co‑application of AMF and PGPR promoted growth of <i>O. taihangensis</i> seedlings, the best combination (AMF + PS1‑19) increased plant height (95.28%), ground diameter (52.07%), and dry weight (66.00%).</p> Conclusions <p><i>O. taihangensis</i> possesses a unique rhizosphere microbiome that confers stress tolerance and disease resistance. Native PGPR and AMF isolates show promise as biofertilizers for conserving this endangered cliff species.</p>

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Rhizosphere microbial diversity and inoculation potential for the endangered opisthopappus taihangensis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月13日

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  • Yanyan Han,
  • Lihui Zhang,
  • Qiantong Ru,
  • Juan Song,
  • Bianxia Bai,
  • Shan Jin,
  • Jiahong Ren

摘要

Aims

This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the taxonomic diversity, functional potential, and biofertilizer-screening potential of rhizosphere microorganisms associated with Opisthopappus taihangensis under environmental stress.

Methods

The 12 soil samples were collected using sterile methods from a depth of 0—20 cm at four sampling sites in Shanxi Province on July 30, 2024. Amplicon sequencing was employed to characterize the taxonomic composition of rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities. Functional annotation of bacteria and fungi was performed using FAPROTAX and FungalTraits, respectively. Bacterial isolates were screened for multifunctional traits. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) diversity was assessed via morphological identification and high-throughput sequencing, and the growth‑promoting effects (plant height, ground diameter, dry weight) of the combined application of AMF and plant growth‑promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) were verified.

Results

Sequencing revealed diverse microbial communities (39 bacterial phyla/365 genera; 13 fungal phyla/386 genera) with site‑specific variations. Bacteria were enriched in nitrogen‑cycling functions; fungi were dominated by AMF symbioses. Six bacterial isolates (Klebsiella, Kluyvera, Enterobacter) solubilized organic/inorganic phosphorus, produced ACC deaminase, siderophores, and IAA, and suppressed three pathogens (Rhizoctonia solani, Neofusicoccum gregarium, Colletotrichum ampelinum). Dominant AMF genera were Glomus and Rhizophagus, with Rhizophagus intraradices as a putative keystone species. Co‑application of AMF and PGPR promoted growth of O. taihangensis seedlings, the best combination (AMF + PS1‑19) increased plant height (95.28%), ground diameter (52.07%), and dry weight (66.00%).

Conclusions

O. taihangensis possesses a unique rhizosphere microbiome that confers stress tolerance and disease resistance. Native PGPR and AMF isolates show promise as biofertilizers for conserving this endangered cliff species.