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Background and aims <p>Forest restoration increasingly employs on mixed-species plantings and soil amendments. However, the interactive effects of tree species association and fertilizer regimes on rhizosphere fungal communities during seedling establishment remain poorly understood. This knowledge gap limits our ability to optimize management practices that harness plant–microbe interactions for restoration success.</p> Methods <p>We conducted a field pot experiment investigated how plant species associations from mid- to late- successional stage (<i>Salix oritrepha</i> (S), <i>Betula albosinensis</i> (B), and <i>Picea asperata</i> (P)) as monocultures (SS, BB, PP) and their interspecific mixtures (SP, PB, SB) influence fungal communities under organic and inorganic fertilizer.</p> Results <p>Monoculture PP exhibited the lowest fungal alpha diversity, network complexity and Ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM) abundance among the monocultures under control conditions. Mixtures PB and SP increased fungal richness, network complexity and ECM abundance as compared to PP under control, functioning as “nurse associations”. Organic fertilizer exhibited superior performance over inorganic: it induced more unique ASVs and greater network complexity, enriched <i>Ascomycota</i> in SP and PB, raised ECM in PP and saprotrophic fungi in SP which is beneficial for conifer establishment, whereas the inorganic fertilizer enhanced <i>Basidiomycota</i> in BB and SS yet reduced ECM in PP, and plant pathogenic and saprotrophic fungi in BB.</p> Conclusion <p>Overall, interspecific tree species association with organic fertilizer tend to shape beneficial fungal communities for forest restoration. In addition, plant nutrients showed a notable correlation with fungal diversity and ECM, highlighting the significance of fungal community to forest tree establishment.</p>

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The role of fertilizer regimes and tree species associations on fungal communities during subalpine forest seedling establishment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月2日

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  • Li Dandan,
  • Zhao Wenqiang,
  • Kou Yongping,
  • Li Ting,
  • Chen Dongdong,
  • Liu Qing

摘要

Background and aims

Forest restoration increasingly employs on mixed-species plantings and soil amendments. However, the interactive effects of tree species association and fertilizer regimes on rhizosphere fungal communities during seedling establishment remain poorly understood. This knowledge gap limits our ability to optimize management practices that harness plant–microbe interactions for restoration success.

Methods

We conducted a field pot experiment investigated how plant species associations from mid- to late- successional stage (Salix oritrepha (S), Betula albosinensis (B), and Picea asperata (P)) as monocultures (SS, BB, PP) and their interspecific mixtures (SP, PB, SB) influence fungal communities under organic and inorganic fertilizer.

Results

Monoculture PP exhibited the lowest fungal alpha diversity, network complexity and Ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM) abundance among the monocultures under control conditions. Mixtures PB and SP increased fungal richness, network complexity and ECM abundance as compared to PP under control, functioning as “nurse associations”. Organic fertilizer exhibited superior performance over inorganic: it induced more unique ASVs and greater network complexity, enriched Ascomycota in SP and PB, raised ECM in PP and saprotrophic fungi in SP which is beneficial for conifer establishment, whereas the inorganic fertilizer enhanced Basidiomycota in BB and SS yet reduced ECM in PP, and plant pathogenic and saprotrophic fungi in BB.

Conclusion

Overall, interspecific tree species association with organic fertilizer tend to shape beneficial fungal communities for forest restoration. In addition, plant nutrients showed a notable correlation with fungal diversity and ECM, highlighting the significance of fungal community to forest tree establishment.