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Aims <p>Cereal/legume intercropping is well documented to enhance soil phosphorus (P) utilization through interspecific rhizosphere interactions. Growing evidence reveals microbes play important roles in changing soil P availability, but little is known about how intercropping reshapes microbial communities and then affects P pool dynamics under long-term P deficiency. This study aimed to examine those changes under long-term P deficiency and elucidate the linkage between them.</p> Methods <p>In a long-term field experiment established in 2009, we measured aboveground P content, soil P pools (0–20&#xa0;cm), and microbial community composition/functional profiles under sole maize, sole faba bean, and maize/faba bean intercropping in 2023.</p> Results <p>Compared with the corresponding sole crop, intercropped maize or faba bean showed an increased aboveground P content of 22% or 17%, respectively, and accelerated soil P cycling in crop-specific ways. Intercropped maize enhanced the turnover of labile P only, whereas intercropped faba bean increased the turnover of both labile and moderately-labile P. In parallel, relative to sole maize, intercropped maize enriched bacteria harbouring genes for P solubilization (<i>pqqC</i> + 46%, <i>phoD</i> + 38%) and increased soil phosphatase activity by 26%, whereas relative to sole faba bean, intercropped faba bean favoured taxa carrying genes for P transport and uptake.</p> Conclusions <p>Intercropped maize and faba bean each enriched distinct soil microbial communities, allowing the two crops to access different soil P fractions, thereby improving whole-system P-use acquisition.</p>

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Maize/faba bean intercropping promotes soil phosphorus turnover and enhances phosphorus acquisition

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月28日

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  • Wenhao Zhu,
  • Jingjing Xia,
  • Ziyue Zhao,
  • Hans Lambers,
  • Xinxin Ye,
  • Ruibo Sun,
  • Chaochun Zhang

摘要

Aims

Cereal/legume intercropping is well documented to enhance soil phosphorus (P) utilization through interspecific rhizosphere interactions. Growing evidence reveals microbes play important roles in changing soil P availability, but little is known about how intercropping reshapes microbial communities and then affects P pool dynamics under long-term P deficiency. This study aimed to examine those changes under long-term P deficiency and elucidate the linkage between them.

Methods

In a long-term field experiment established in 2009, we measured aboveground P content, soil P pools (0–20 cm), and microbial community composition/functional profiles under sole maize, sole faba bean, and maize/faba bean intercropping in 2023.

Results

Compared with the corresponding sole crop, intercropped maize or faba bean showed an increased aboveground P content of 22% or 17%, respectively, and accelerated soil P cycling in crop-specific ways. Intercropped maize enhanced the turnover of labile P only, whereas intercropped faba bean increased the turnover of both labile and moderately-labile P. In parallel, relative to sole maize, intercropped maize enriched bacteria harbouring genes for P solubilization (pqqC + 46%, phoD + 38%) and increased soil phosphatase activity by 26%, whereas relative to sole faba bean, intercropped faba bean favoured taxa carrying genes for P transport and uptake.

Conclusions

Intercropped maize and faba bean each enriched distinct soil microbial communities, allowing the two crops to access different soil P fractions, thereby improving whole-system P-use acquisition.