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Background and Aims <p>As yet, Mitochondrial Iron Transporters AtMIT1 and AtMIT2 have only been studied in young Arabidopsis seedlings. The objective of our research was to characterize these proteins in mature, 8-week-old plants, determine the effects of MIT overexpression on plant physiology and identify amino acid residues crucial for iron transport.</p> Methods <p><i>AtMIT</i> expression was measured in the roots and shoots of 8-week-old plants grown hydroponically. Key amino acids required for transport activity were determined by site-directed mutagenesis in yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>. The effects of <i>MIT</i> overexpression on Arabidopsis plants were assessed by measuring root and shoot metal accumulation, root length&#xa0;and the expression of other genes involved in iron homeostasis.</p> Results <p>Our results showed that <i>AtMIT1</i> and <i>AtMIT2</i> expression is higher in leaves than in roots, and both genes are regulated differently by iron deficiency and excess. These proteins are the high-affinity iron importers, whose transport function depends on two conserved histidines and, with some differences between them, on other amino acid residues responsible for a substrate-binding. Analysis of <i>MIT</i>-overexpressing plants indicated that changes in the expression of genes related to iron homeostasis, as well as metal accumulation in roots and leaves, were specific to <i>AtMIT1</i> or <i>AtMIT2,</i> highlighting possible differences in the regulation of both proteins.</p> Conclusion <p>Our findings suggest that AtMIT1 and AtMIT2, although very similar, can be regulated differently in Arabidopsis. Iron transport by both MITs depends on several key amino-acids and overexpression of either <i>AtMIT</i> affects the overall physiology of the plant.</p>

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A comparative analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana mitochondrial iron transporters AtMIT1 and AtMIT2 and their role in micronutrient homeostasis under diverse iron availability conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月10日

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  • Karolina Małas,
  • Ludmiła Polechońska,
  • Katarzyna Kabała

摘要

Background and Aims

As yet, Mitochondrial Iron Transporters AtMIT1 and AtMIT2 have only been studied in young Arabidopsis seedlings. The objective of our research was to characterize these proteins in mature, 8-week-old plants, determine the effects of MIT overexpression on plant physiology and identify amino acid residues crucial for iron transport.

Methods

AtMIT expression was measured in the roots and shoots of 8-week-old plants grown hydroponically. Key amino acids required for transport activity were determined by site-directed mutagenesis in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The effects of MIT overexpression on Arabidopsis plants were assessed by measuring root and shoot metal accumulation, root length and the expression of other genes involved in iron homeostasis.

Results

Our results showed that AtMIT1 and AtMIT2 expression is higher in leaves than in roots, and both genes are regulated differently by iron deficiency and excess. These proteins are the high-affinity iron importers, whose transport function depends on two conserved histidines and, with some differences between them, on other amino acid residues responsible for a substrate-binding. Analysis of MIT-overexpressing plants indicated that changes in the expression of genes related to iron homeostasis, as well as metal accumulation in roots and leaves, were specific to AtMIT1 or AtMIT2, highlighting possible differences in the regulation of both proteins.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that AtMIT1 and AtMIT2, although very similar, can be regulated differently in Arabidopsis. Iron transport by both MITs depends on several key amino-acids and overexpression of either AtMIT affects the overall physiology of the plant.