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Background and aims <p>Mining activities cause ecosystem degradation, and ecological restoration promotes environmental recovery. However, the independent and coupling effects of environmental factors on the spatial heterogeneity of vegetation in alpine mining areas remain unclear.</p> Methods <p>Vegetation was investigated using quadrats, and soil samples were collected for laboratory analysis. ANOVA, geographical detectors, and RDA were used to analyze vegetation communities, their underground habitat characteristics, and the driving factors of vegetation spatial heterogeneity.</p> Results <p>Vegetation coverage and diversity generally increased with restoration age. Vegetation spatial heterogeneity showed moderate variability, significantly higher than in the natural background area. Fractional vegetation cover (FVC) was higher in the aspect ranges of 0°-54° and 346°-360°. FVC tended to decrease with increasing slope; it remained stable with increasing slope in the range of 0–22°, but fluctuated sharply with increasing slope when the slope exceeded 22°. In the early stages of mine restoration, no significant difference was found in vegetation and underground habitat recovery between platforms and slopes. However, the coupling of terrain with other environmental factors significantly enhanced its influence on vegetation spatial heterogeneity. Soil bulk density (ρb), soil water content (SWC), aspect (Aspe), soil gravel content (Rm), and organic matter (OM) had high overall explanatory power for vegetation spatial heterogeneity.</p> Conclusions <p>Spatial differences in vegetation restoration are mainly influenced by the coupling of terrain and soil physical properties. ρb, SWC, Aspe, Rm, and OM are the main environmental factors affecting vegetation restoration.</p>

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Revegetation mechanisms and influence factor in alpine mining areas: a case study of the Muli mining area, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月11日

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  • Kaixin Zhang,
  • Qingqiu Hou,
  • Haibo Feng,
  • Linxue Ju,
  • Jianwei Zhou,
  • Jun Li,
  • Ruimin Xiong,
  • Yi Zhu,
  • Xiaoming Zheng,
  • Ran Li,
  • Chunguang Wang

摘要

Background and aims

Mining activities cause ecosystem degradation, and ecological restoration promotes environmental recovery. However, the independent and coupling effects of environmental factors on the spatial heterogeneity of vegetation in alpine mining areas remain unclear.

Methods

Vegetation was investigated using quadrats, and soil samples were collected for laboratory analysis. ANOVA, geographical detectors, and RDA were used to analyze vegetation communities, their underground habitat characteristics, and the driving factors of vegetation spatial heterogeneity.

Results

Vegetation coverage and diversity generally increased with restoration age. Vegetation spatial heterogeneity showed moderate variability, significantly higher than in the natural background area. Fractional vegetation cover (FVC) was higher in the aspect ranges of 0°-54° and 346°-360°. FVC tended to decrease with increasing slope; it remained stable with increasing slope in the range of 0–22°, but fluctuated sharply with increasing slope when the slope exceeded 22°. In the early stages of mine restoration, no significant difference was found in vegetation and underground habitat recovery between platforms and slopes. However, the coupling of terrain with other environmental factors significantly enhanced its influence on vegetation spatial heterogeneity. Soil bulk density (ρb), soil water content (SWC), aspect (Aspe), soil gravel content (Rm), and organic matter (OM) had high overall explanatory power for vegetation spatial heterogeneity.

Conclusions

Spatial differences in vegetation restoration are mainly influenced by the coupling of terrain and soil physical properties. ρb, SWC, Aspe, Rm, and OM are the main environmental factors affecting vegetation restoration.