Background <p>Dopamine, a critical bioactive molecule in plants, plays multifaceted role in enhancing stress resistance through its unique chemical properties and broad physiological regulatory capacities.</p> Scope <p>This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms by which dopamine enhances plant resilience to environmental stresses, including drought, high salinity, nutrient deficiency, heavy metal toxicity, and pathogeninfection. As a potent antioxidant, dopamine directly scavenges reactive oxygen species, upregulates the activities of key antioxidant enzymes, and promotes the accumulation of non-enzymatic antioxidants. Beyond its antioxidativefunction, dopamine enhances photosynthetic effi ciency by stabilizing the chlorophyll content, increasing photosystem II activity, and regulating carbon assimilation-related enzymes and sugar metabolism. Dopamine alsoimproves root architecture, regulates nitrogen metabolism, and interacts with other plant hormones to regulatestress-responsive signaling pathways and physiological adaptations. In the rhizosphere, dopamine can also aff ect thecomposition of metabolites, promote the recruitment of benefi cial microorganisms, suppress pathogenic fungi, andreshape microbial communities, thereby improving soil nutrient cycling and plant nutrient acquisition.</p> Conclusions <p>Collectively, these effects enhance the resilience of plants to both abiotic and biotic stresses. The insights reviewed here provide a theoretical foundation for the development of innovative agricultural strategies, including dopamine-based plant growth regulators, rhizosphere amendments, and smart farming applications, to mitigate the impacts of abiotic and biotic stresses and improve crop productivity under a changing climate.</p>