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Aims <p>This study investigated how <i>Pueraria lobata</i> var. <i>thomsonii</i> Benth recruits nitrogen-fixing bacteria to outcompete the invasive weed <i>Mikania micrantha</i> H. B. K., focusing on the structural dynamics of these communities during replacement.</p> Methods <p>We integrated field replacement experiments with <i>nifH</i> gene sequencing to analyze nitrogen-fixing bacterial communities in the rhizosphere, rhizoplane, and root endosphere. Functional strains were isolated and characterized for nitrogen fixation and plant growth-promoting traits. Re-inoculation trials were conducted to validate the effects of key nitrogen-fixing bacteria on plant growth and competition.</p> Results <p>With increasing duration of replacement cultivation, a dominant pattern characterized by the coexistence of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria represented by <i>Bradyrhizobiu</i>m and associative nitrogen-fixing bacteria represented by <i>Klebsiella</i> gradually formed in the root endosphere and rhizoplane. LEfSe analysis and the Random Forest model identified root endospheric <i>Bradyrhizobium</i>, microbial biomass nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen as key factors influencing the relative coverage of <i>P. lobata</i>. Re-inoculation experiments demonstrated that the symbiotic nitrogen-fixer <i>Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens</i> USDA110 promoted plant growth more effectively than the associative nitrogen-fixer <i>Klebsiella</i> sp. BAB-6433, while mixed inoculation resulted in the highest <i>P. lobata</i> biomass (2.92-fold of the control) and the highest competitive balance index against <i>M. micrantha</i> (1.96-fold of the control).</p> Conclusions <p>Our findings reveal that <i>P. lobata</i> recruits a complementary consortium of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, strengthening its competitive dominance over <i>M. micrantha</i>. This study provides novel insights into the microbial mechanisms underlying plant replacement strategies and offers a foundation for developing microbiome-based approaches to invasive species management.</p>

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Dynamics and synergy of nitrogen-fixing bacterial communities drive Pueraria lobata’s replacement of Mikania micrantha

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月26日

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  • Xue Yang,
  • Yao Ma,
  • Qimeng Zhou,
  • Ziyin Zeng,
  • Xiaoyu Yang,
  • Maofeng Yue,
  • Weihua Li

摘要

Aims

This study investigated how Pueraria lobata var. thomsonii Benth recruits nitrogen-fixing bacteria to outcompete the invasive weed Mikania micrantha H. B. K., focusing on the structural dynamics of these communities during replacement.

Methods

We integrated field replacement experiments with nifH gene sequencing to analyze nitrogen-fixing bacterial communities in the rhizosphere, rhizoplane, and root endosphere. Functional strains were isolated and characterized for nitrogen fixation and plant growth-promoting traits. Re-inoculation trials were conducted to validate the effects of key nitrogen-fixing bacteria on plant growth and competition.

Results

With increasing duration of replacement cultivation, a dominant pattern characterized by the coexistence of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria represented by Bradyrhizobium and associative nitrogen-fixing bacteria represented by Klebsiella gradually formed in the root endosphere and rhizoplane. LEfSe analysis and the Random Forest model identified root endospheric Bradyrhizobium, microbial biomass nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen as key factors influencing the relative coverage of P. lobata. Re-inoculation experiments demonstrated that the symbiotic nitrogen-fixer Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA110 promoted plant growth more effectively than the associative nitrogen-fixer Klebsiella sp. BAB-6433, while mixed inoculation resulted in the highest P. lobata biomass (2.92-fold of the control) and the highest competitive balance index against M. micrantha (1.96-fold of the control).

Conclusions

Our findings reveal that P. lobata recruits a complementary consortium of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, strengthening its competitive dominance over M. micrantha. This study provides novel insights into the microbial mechanisms underlying plant replacement strategies and offers a foundation for developing microbiome-based approaches to invasive species management.