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Aims <p>In recent years, urban heavy metal pollution has intensified, increasing heavy metal accumulation in urban park trees, with contamination varying among vegetation types. Soil microorganisms are vital for tree growth, yet their response mechanisms to heavy metal pollution under different vegetation types are still unclear.</p> Methods <p>This study employed high-throughput sequencing to analyze soil microbial composition, assembly, and co-occurrence patterns across vegetation types, and explored their links to vegetation traits, soil properties, and heavy metal levels.</p> Results <p>Our analysis reveals varying degrees of heavy metal contamination in four vegetation type plots located within urban parks. In terms of microbial composition, deciduous arbors and shrubs harbor more <i>Bacillus spp</i> and <i>Mortierella</i> species compared to evergreen types, while <i>Fusarium</i> content is highest in evergreen shrubs. Furthermore, the structure of the bulk&#xa0;soil microorganisms is significantly influenced by vegetation.Bacterial communities are mainly influenced by soil physical properties like bulk density, water content, and porosity, while fungal communities are shaped by soil heavy metals, physicochemical properties, and vegetation traits. Many fungal taxa are notably driven by soil heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb) and tree metrics (height, canopy closure, crown width), beyond physicochemical effects. The study also found that microbial co-occurrence networks under different vegetation types respond differently to soil environmental changes.</p> Conclusions <p>The bulk&#xa0;soil microbial signatures differ among various vegetation types, particularly with fungal communities showing a strong response to vegetation characteristics. As soil heavy metal pollution intensifies, fungal communities augment their adaptability via highly cooperative networks.</p>

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Microbial responses to soil heavy metal pollution under different vegetation types in high-density urban parks

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月19日

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  • Yongli Ku,
  • Junfeng Wang,
  • Jingkun Wang,
  • Yifei Wang,
  • Zhenfei Gao,
  • Pingxi Zhou,
  • Yiping Liu,
  • Yakai Lei,
  • Dan He

摘要

Aims

In recent years, urban heavy metal pollution has intensified, increasing heavy metal accumulation in urban park trees, with contamination varying among vegetation types. Soil microorganisms are vital for tree growth, yet their response mechanisms to heavy metal pollution under different vegetation types are still unclear.

Methods

This study employed high-throughput sequencing to analyze soil microbial composition, assembly, and co-occurrence patterns across vegetation types, and explored their links to vegetation traits, soil properties, and heavy metal levels.

Results

Our analysis reveals varying degrees of heavy metal contamination in four vegetation type plots located within urban parks. In terms of microbial composition, deciduous arbors and shrubs harbor more Bacillus spp and Mortierella species compared to evergreen types, while Fusarium content is highest in evergreen shrubs. Furthermore, the structure of the bulk soil microorganisms is significantly influenced by vegetation.Bacterial communities are mainly influenced by soil physical properties like bulk density, water content, and porosity, while fungal communities are shaped by soil heavy metals, physicochemical properties, and vegetation traits. Many fungal taxa are notably driven by soil heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb) and tree metrics (height, canopy closure, crown width), beyond physicochemical effects. The study also found that microbial co-occurrence networks under different vegetation types respond differently to soil environmental changes.

Conclusions

The bulk soil microbial signatures differ among various vegetation types, particularly with fungal communities showing a strong response to vegetation characteristics. As soil heavy metal pollution intensifies, fungal communities augment their adaptability via highly cooperative networks.