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Background <p>Conventional animal manure application based on crop nitrogen demand frequently induces phosphorus accumulation in soils, elevating non–point source phosphorus pollution risks. While phosphorus–based fertilization strategies have emerged as potential solutions, the differential impacts of manure types on nutrient cycling and microbial functionality at uniform phosphorus application levels remain poorly understood, particularly in reclaimed soils.</p> Aim <p>This four–year field study conducted in a coal mining subsidence area systematically compared chicken, pig, and cow manures with chemical fertilizer. Under the uniform phosphorus application level, their effects on soil biochemistry and microbial ecology were evaluated.</p> Method <p>Key parameters analyzed included nutrient dynamics, microbial biomass, enzyme activities, and metabolic functional diversity indices assessed through the Biolog EcoPlates method.</p> Results <p>The results showed that: (1) animal manures decreased soil pH (0.06–0.13 units) and increased organic carbon (34.98%–48.02%), total nitrogen (41.07%–48.21%), and available nitrogen (11.25%–19.78%) compared with chemical fertilizer, with chicken manure being the most effective. (2) manures increased microbial biomass carbon (17.52%–82.70%) and phosphorus (44.78%–73.76%). Pig manure enhanced sucrase, while chicken manure increased alkaline phosphatase and urease activities. (3) Manures improved microbial functional diversity and carbon source metabolism, particularly for sugar, carboxylic acid, and other substances. (4) Random forest analyses identified pH, soil organic carbon, microbial biomass phosphorus, and urease as key factors influencing microbial metabolic functional diversity.</p> Conclusion <p>Chicken and pig manure had greater effects on nutrient enhancement and microbial community activity than cow manure in the calcareous reclaimed soil under uniform phosphorus application.</p>

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Uniform phosphorus, divergent gains: Chicken and pig manures drive microbial metabolic functional diversity and nutrient synergy in reclaimed mining soil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月26日

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  • Xin Chen,
  • Hanqian Wu,
  • Wuyan Du,
  • Wenju Guo,
  • Jie Zhang,
  • Huisheng Meng,
  • Yulin Liu,
  • Jianping Hong,
  • Minggang Xu,
  • Xiangying Wang,
  • Yi Li,
  • Xianjun Hao

摘要

Background

Conventional animal manure application based on crop nitrogen demand frequently induces phosphorus accumulation in soils, elevating non–point source phosphorus pollution risks. While phosphorus–based fertilization strategies have emerged as potential solutions, the differential impacts of manure types on nutrient cycling and microbial functionality at uniform phosphorus application levels remain poorly understood, particularly in reclaimed soils.

Aim

This four–year field study conducted in a coal mining subsidence area systematically compared chicken, pig, and cow manures with chemical fertilizer. Under the uniform phosphorus application level, their effects on soil biochemistry and microbial ecology were evaluated.

Method

Key parameters analyzed included nutrient dynamics, microbial biomass, enzyme activities, and metabolic functional diversity indices assessed through the Biolog EcoPlates method.

Results

The results showed that: (1) animal manures decreased soil pH (0.06–0.13 units) and increased organic carbon (34.98%–48.02%), total nitrogen (41.07%–48.21%), and available nitrogen (11.25%–19.78%) compared with chemical fertilizer, with chicken manure being the most effective. (2) manures increased microbial biomass carbon (17.52%–82.70%) and phosphorus (44.78%–73.76%). Pig manure enhanced sucrase, while chicken manure increased alkaline phosphatase and urease activities. (3) Manures improved microbial functional diversity and carbon source metabolism, particularly for sugar, carboxylic acid, and other substances. (4) Random forest analyses identified pH, soil organic carbon, microbial biomass phosphorus, and urease as key factors influencing microbial metabolic functional diversity.

Conclusion

Chicken and pig manure had greater effects on nutrient enhancement and microbial community activity than cow manure in the calcareous reclaimed soil under uniform phosphorus application.