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Aims <p>Urea is a key nitrogen fertilizer employed in agriculture to enhance plant growth. <i>Salix matsudana</i>, a woody species valued both for bioenergy and landscaping, demonstrates considerable tolerance to multiple heavy metals (HMs). Nevertheless, the physiological and ecological mechanisms by which urea augments the growth and metal accumulation capacity of <i>S. matsudana</i> remain inadequately characterized.</p> Methods <p>This study investigated the effects of urea application on <i>S. matsudana</i> by monitoring plant growth and quantifying biomass allocation across different organs. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we performed integrated analyses of the rhizosphere environment, including metabolomic profiling and microbiome sequencing. Furthermore, Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was utilized to analyze the path effects of varying urea concentrations on the plant’s uptake of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd).</p> Results <p>Our findings indicate that urea supplementation significantly promotes the growth of <i>S. matsudana</i> and concurrently enhances the accumulation of heavy metals in its tissues. Urea application induced substantial shifts in the composition of the rhizosphere microbial community and altered the soil metabolic profile. The integrated multi-omics analysis revealed synergistic interactions between urea-induced metabolic processes and the structure and function of the resident microbiota.</p> Conclusions <p>In summary, this study leverages a multi-omics approach to unravel the mechanism through which urea fertilization facilitates the growth of <i>S. matsudana</i> and augments its soil remediation potential. The insights gained provide a valuable theoretical foundation for deploying <i>S. matsudana</i> in strategies aimed at enhancing plant productivity and rehabilitating heavy metal-contaminated environments.</p>

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Multi-omics analysis reveals urea promoting Salix matsudana growth and enhancing its phytoremediation potential for heavy metals

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月19日

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  • Qian Wang,
  • Beibei Su,
  • Xiaoyun Niu,
  • Shuo Huang,
  • Jingwei Zhang,
  • Yumeng Wu,
  • Yunfan Ji,
  • Dazhuang Huang

摘要

Aims

Urea is a key nitrogen fertilizer employed in agriculture to enhance plant growth. Salix matsudana, a woody species valued both for bioenergy and landscaping, demonstrates considerable tolerance to multiple heavy metals (HMs). Nevertheless, the physiological and ecological mechanisms by which urea augments the growth and metal accumulation capacity of S. matsudana remain inadequately characterized.

Methods

This study investigated the effects of urea application on S. matsudana by monitoring plant growth and quantifying biomass allocation across different organs. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we performed integrated analyses of the rhizosphere environment, including metabolomic profiling and microbiome sequencing. Furthermore, Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was utilized to analyze the path effects of varying urea concentrations on the plant’s uptake of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd).

Results

Our findings indicate that urea supplementation significantly promotes the growth of S. matsudana and concurrently enhances the accumulation of heavy metals in its tissues. Urea application induced substantial shifts in the composition of the rhizosphere microbial community and altered the soil metabolic profile. The integrated multi-omics analysis revealed synergistic interactions between urea-induced metabolic processes and the structure and function of the resident microbiota.

Conclusions

In summary, this study leverages a multi-omics approach to unravel the mechanism through which urea fertilization facilitates the growth of S. matsudana and augments its soil remediation potential. The insights gained provide a valuable theoretical foundation for deploying S. matsudana in strategies aimed at enhancing plant productivity and rehabilitating heavy metal-contaminated environments.