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Aims <p>Despite the importance of clay minerals in the release of potassium from micaceous minerals, no study has investigated the role of 1:1 and 2:1 clays in the release of potassium from potassium-bearing minerals in the rhizosphere. This study aimed to investigate the effect of related clay minerals on the release of potassium from phlogopite and its uptake by alfalfa, focusing on the competition between clay minerals and plant roots in potassium uptake.</p> Methods <p>Palygorskite-dominated sediment and smectite-dominated soil were collected, and their 2:1 clay fractions were separated. Additionally, Georgia kaolinite (1:1 clay) was obtained from the Clay Minerals Society repository, USA. Four levels of these clay fractions (0%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%) were mixed with phlogopite mica and quartz sand and used as the growing medium for alfalfa cultivation in a pot experiment under greenhouse conditions. A K-free nutrient solution and distilled water were provided during 4-month growing period. Afterward, both shoots and roots were harvested, and K content was determined. The concentration of available K in the rhizosphere was also measured.</p> Results <p>The results showed that adding smectite or palygorskite significantly increased potassium concentration in both shoots and roots, while different levels of kaolinite did not influence K content. Additionally, shoot and root dry weights increased in treatments containing either smectite or palygorskite, but not in those receiving kaolinite.</p> Conclusions <p>It seems that 2:1 minerals play a temporary role as a sink to attract K released from K-bearing minerals and a continuous source of K for plant uptake. Therefore, the type of clay mineral should be considered in K fertilization management of arid or semiarid areas containing palygorskite or smectite.</p>

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Potassium release from phlogopite in the alfalfa growing medium and its competitive uptake by the associated clay mineral

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月8日

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  • Masoome Zare-Farashbandi,
  • Hossein Khademi,
  • Angel Faz,
  • Jose A. Acosta

摘要

Aims

Despite the importance of clay minerals in the release of potassium from micaceous minerals, no study has investigated the role of 1:1 and 2:1 clays in the release of potassium from potassium-bearing minerals in the rhizosphere. This study aimed to investigate the effect of related clay minerals on the release of potassium from phlogopite and its uptake by alfalfa, focusing on the competition between clay minerals and plant roots in potassium uptake.

Methods

Palygorskite-dominated sediment and smectite-dominated soil were collected, and their 2:1 clay fractions were separated. Additionally, Georgia kaolinite (1:1 clay) was obtained from the Clay Minerals Society repository, USA. Four levels of these clay fractions (0%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%) were mixed with phlogopite mica and quartz sand and used as the growing medium for alfalfa cultivation in a pot experiment under greenhouse conditions. A K-free nutrient solution and distilled water were provided during 4-month growing period. Afterward, both shoots and roots were harvested, and K content was determined. The concentration of available K in the rhizosphere was also measured.

Results

The results showed that adding smectite or palygorskite significantly increased potassium concentration in both shoots and roots, while different levels of kaolinite did not influence K content. Additionally, shoot and root dry weights increased in treatments containing either smectite or palygorskite, but not in those receiving kaolinite.

Conclusions

It seems that 2:1 minerals play a temporary role as a sink to attract K released from K-bearing minerals and a continuous source of K for plant uptake. Therefore, the type of clay mineral should be considered in K fertilization management of arid or semiarid areas containing palygorskite or smectite.