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Background and aims <p>Excessive fertilizer inputs, coupled with inefficient management practices, cause&#xa0;yield stagnation, resource wastage, and environmental degradation. The one-time root zone targeted fertilization (ORZTF) strategy synchronizes nutrient supply with crop demand; however, its efficacy, optimal fertilizer placement distance, and ideal&#xa0;row configuration remain unclear, particularly&#xa0;in winter wheat.</p> Methods <p>A two-year field study evaluated&#xa0;the effects of lateral placement distances (10–22&#xa0;cm) and row configurations (every-row, ORZTF-ER; alternate-row, ORZTF-AR) on yield, nitrogen (N)&#xa0;use efficiency (NUE), soil N dynamics, and profitability. Urea fate was quantified using <sup>15</sup>N isotopic tracing.</p> Results <p>ORZTF significantly increased grain yield by 3.3–14.9%, compared to conventional multi-split N application by broadcasting (CSB), with optimal performance at a&#xa0;14–18&#xa0;cm&#xa0;placement distance.&#xa0;The strategy promoted targeted&#xa0;root proliferation toward the fertilization zone, enhanced N recovery efficiency (14.5–37.2%), and increased soil mineral N concentrations. It improved economic benefits by 9.0–25.9% and the&#xa0;benefit–cost ratio by 28.0–43.4, while reducing labor costs. Row configuration comparisons showed that ORZTF-AR and ORZTF-ER increased yields by 6.5% and 3.9% (2021) and by&#xa0;13.4% and 8.4% (2022), respectively, and both achieved higher NUE than CSB. The <sup>15</sup>N tracing provided direct system-level evidence of this efficiency, revealing that ORZTF recovered 20.6% of applied N in the plant (vs. 7.2% for CSB) and retained 59.2% in the soil (vs. 38.1%), consequently reducing total N losses to 20.2% (vs. 54.7%).</p> Conclusion <p>ORZTF-AR with a 14–18&#xa0;cm lateral&#xa0;placement distance optimizes winter wheat performance. This integrated&#xa0;practice offers simultaneous agronomic, economic, and environmental benefits, presenting it as&#xa0;a viable strategy&#xa0;to enhance food security and climate-resilience in cereal production.</p>

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Optimizing wheat fertilizer placement through lateral distance and row configuration for enhanced yield, profitability, and nitrogen use efficiency

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月13日

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  • Solomon Yokamo,
  • Bin Wang,
  • Muhammad Irfan,
  • Yiliu Wang,
  • Muhammad Ishfaq,
  • Dianjun Lu,
  • Xiaoqin Chen,
  • Xiaoqi Jin,
  • Huoyan Wang

摘要

Background and aims

Excessive fertilizer inputs, coupled with inefficient management practices, cause yield stagnation, resource wastage, and environmental degradation. The one-time root zone targeted fertilization (ORZTF) strategy synchronizes nutrient supply with crop demand; however, its efficacy, optimal fertilizer placement distance, and ideal row configuration remain unclear, particularly in winter wheat.

Methods

A two-year field study evaluated the effects of lateral placement distances (10–22 cm) and row configurations (every-row, ORZTF-ER; alternate-row, ORZTF-AR) on yield, nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE), soil N dynamics, and profitability. Urea fate was quantified using 15N isotopic tracing.

Results

ORZTF significantly increased grain yield by 3.3–14.9%, compared to conventional multi-split N application by broadcasting (CSB), with optimal performance at a 14–18 cm placement distance. The strategy promoted targeted root proliferation toward the fertilization zone, enhanced N recovery efficiency (14.5–37.2%), and increased soil mineral N concentrations. It improved economic benefits by 9.0–25.9% and the benefit–cost ratio by 28.0–43.4, while reducing labor costs. Row configuration comparisons showed that ORZTF-AR and ORZTF-ER increased yields by 6.5% and 3.9% (2021) and by 13.4% and 8.4% (2022), respectively, and both achieved higher NUE than CSB. The 15N tracing provided direct system-level evidence of this efficiency, revealing that ORZTF recovered 20.6% of applied N in the plant (vs. 7.2% for CSB) and retained 59.2% in the soil (vs. 38.1%), consequently reducing total N losses to 20.2% (vs. 54.7%).

Conclusion

ORZTF-AR with a 14–18 cm lateral placement distance optimizes winter wheat performance. This integrated practice offers simultaneous agronomic, economic, and environmental benefits, presenting it as a viable strategy to enhance food security and climate-resilience in cereal production.