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Background and Aims <p><i>Trichoderma&#xa0;</i>spp. are well-known plant growth promoters and biocontrol agents. However, their impact on the structural and functional aspects of rhizosphere microbiome, particularly on symbiotic and free-living nitrogen cyclers under stress, is sparsely understood in legume plants.</p> Methods <p>Chickpea seeds of cultivar “JG-315” treated with <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i>&#xa0;T42 were grown under <i>Fusarium</i> wilt and salinity stress in parent and F1 generations. The rhizosphere bacterial population dynamics, nitrogen uptake, and expression of nitrate transporter and nodulation genes were examined.</p> Results <p>The structure of rhizosphere microbiome varied differentially among the treatments across two generations. A higher population and diversity were observed under <i>Fusarium</i> stress, with an abundance of plant growth-promoting and pathogen-antagonistic species. Concurrently, lower population and increased halo-tolerant bacterial classes were observed under salinity stress. Lower nodulation and decreased population of chickpea-associated rhizobia were observed in <i>Trichoderma</i>-treated plants compared to untreated ones. Simultaneously, an increased population of free-living nitrogen fixers, upregulated nitrate transport-associated genes, and downregulated nodulation-associated genes were observed in <i>Trichoderma</i>-treated plants.</p> Conclusions <p>The results highlight that <i>Trichoderma</i> differentially modulates chickpea rhizosphere microbial population and structure as per edaphic stress conditions. It also shifts the rhizosphere towards free-living nitrogen fixation by increasing the population of non-canonical nitrogen cyclers and upregulating nitrate transport-associated genes in chickpea under Fusarium wilt and salinity stress.</p>

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Chickpea priming with Trichoderma asperellum T42 enriches free-living nitrogen cyclers in rhizosphere and enhances nitrogen uptake in off-springs under stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月17日

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  • Md. Mahtab Rashid,
  • Kumar Aditya,
  • Dhananjaya Pratap Singh,
  • Birinchi Kumar Sarma

摘要

Background and Aims

Trichoderma spp. are well-known plant growth promoters and biocontrol agents. However, their impact on the structural and functional aspects of rhizosphere microbiome, particularly on symbiotic and free-living nitrogen cyclers under stress, is sparsely understood in legume plants.

Methods

Chickpea seeds of cultivar “JG-315” treated with Trichoderma asperellum T42 were grown under Fusarium wilt and salinity stress in parent and F1 generations. The rhizosphere bacterial population dynamics, nitrogen uptake, and expression of nitrate transporter and nodulation genes were examined.

Results

The structure of rhizosphere microbiome varied differentially among the treatments across two generations. A higher population and diversity were observed under Fusarium stress, with an abundance of plant growth-promoting and pathogen-antagonistic species. Concurrently, lower population and increased halo-tolerant bacterial classes were observed under salinity stress. Lower nodulation and decreased population of chickpea-associated rhizobia were observed in Trichoderma-treated plants compared to untreated ones. Simultaneously, an increased population of free-living nitrogen fixers, upregulated nitrate transport-associated genes, and downregulated nodulation-associated genes were observed in Trichoderma-treated plants.

Conclusions

The results highlight that Trichoderma differentially modulates chickpea rhizosphere microbial population and structure as per edaphic stress conditions. It also shifts the rhizosphere towards free-living nitrogen fixation by increasing the population of non-canonical nitrogen cyclers and upregulating nitrate transport-associated genes in chickpea under Fusarium wilt and salinity stress.