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Aims <p><i>Suaeda salsa</i> is an annual halophytic plant whose rhizosphere microbial communities play vital roles in plant growth, soil remediation, and carbon fixation. However, studies on the distribution of rhizosphere microorganisms associated with <i>S. salsa</i> have predominantly focused on abiotic factors, while the influences of biotic and geographic factors remain largely understudied.</p> Methods <p>We collected rhizosphere soils of <i>S. salsa</i> from four estuarine wetlands (Liao River, Daliao River, Huli River, and Yellow River). The microbial community composition was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing (16S rRNA gene and ITS1 region) to investigate the distribution patterns and influencing factors of prokaryotic and fungal communities at a regional scale.</p> Results <p>Microbial community composition differed significantly across sites. While dominant phyla were similar among wetlands, their relative abundances varied. Homogeneous selection (average: 93.3%) predominantly shaped prokaryotic community assembly in the rhizosphere of <i>S. salsa</i>, whereas drift or others (average: 77.8%) accounted for a larger proportion in fungi. Electrical conductivity and temperature were key abiotic factors affecting rhizosphere microbial composition. Compared to fungi, prokaryotes were more strongly affected by spatial distance. The predicted functional profiles were closely linked to environmental factors, particularly total carbon, total nitrogen, temperature, and also varied with geographical distance. Furthermore, the correlation between <i>Methanoregula</i> (an acidophilic methanogen) and <i>Magnetococcus</i> indicated potential influences of microbial interactions on shaping community composition.</p> Conclusions <p>These findings demonstrated that abiotic, biotic, and geographic factors collectively influenced the rhizosphere microbial assembly of <i>S. salsa,</i> enhancing our understanding of microbial biogeography and providing insights for microbiome-based wetland restoration.</p>

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Environmental factors and biotic interactions shape the regional-scale assembly of rhizosphere microbial communities associated with Suaeda salsa

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月13日

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  • Yang Xiao,
  • Shuzhen Li,
  • Miaomiao Zhang,
  • Hao Zhou,
  • Yuanyuan Qu,
  • Jingjing Zhan,
  • Xuwang Zhang

摘要

Aims

Suaeda salsa is an annual halophytic plant whose rhizosphere microbial communities play vital roles in plant growth, soil remediation, and carbon fixation. However, studies on the distribution of rhizosphere microorganisms associated with S. salsa have predominantly focused on abiotic factors, while the influences of biotic and geographic factors remain largely understudied.

Methods

We collected rhizosphere soils of S. salsa from four estuarine wetlands (Liao River, Daliao River, Huli River, and Yellow River). The microbial community composition was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing (16S rRNA gene and ITS1 region) to investigate the distribution patterns and influencing factors of prokaryotic and fungal communities at a regional scale.

Results

Microbial community composition differed significantly across sites. While dominant phyla were similar among wetlands, their relative abundances varied. Homogeneous selection (average: 93.3%) predominantly shaped prokaryotic community assembly in the rhizosphere of S. salsa, whereas drift or others (average: 77.8%) accounted for a larger proportion in fungi. Electrical conductivity and temperature were key abiotic factors affecting rhizosphere microbial composition. Compared to fungi, prokaryotes were more strongly affected by spatial distance. The predicted functional profiles were closely linked to environmental factors, particularly total carbon, total nitrogen, temperature, and also varied with geographical distance. Furthermore, the correlation between Methanoregula (an acidophilic methanogen) and Magnetococcus indicated potential influences of microbial interactions on shaping community composition.

Conclusions

These findings demonstrated that abiotic, biotic, and geographic factors collectively influenced the rhizosphere microbial assembly of S. salsa, enhancing our understanding of microbial biogeography and providing insights for microbiome-based wetland restoration.