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Background <p>Sweet potato, a potassium (K) -favoring crop, strongly relies on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis for K nutrition. However, the interactive effects of soil K availability and AMF inoculation on plant performance and rhizosphere microecology of sweet potato remain unclear.</p> Methods <p>We integrated plant growth, nutrient uptake, root exudate metabolomics, and bacterial community profiling to elucidate the regulatory roles of soil K and AMF, and to identified shared and differential strategies under contrasting K levels.</p> Results <p>Soil K availability dominated rhizosphere microecology remodeling, enriched Chloroflexi, Methylomirabilota, Desulfobacterota, Latescibacterota, Nitrospirota, MBNT15, and NB1j involved in carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycling, and simultaneously upregulated signal transduction, primary and secondary metabolic pathways, thereby enhancing root growth and defense capacity. Whereas, AMF fine-tuned rhizosphere microecology and played a central role in improving root growth and nitrogen, phosphorus, and K uptake of sweet potato. In low-K soil, AMF primarily enhanced root growth and nutrient uptake (especially more K uptake), supporting plant adaptation to low-K condition and enriching beneficial microbes like <i>Haliangium</i>. Conversely, in high-K soil, AMF further promoted whole plant growth and nutrient uptake (especially more P uptake), while modulating root exudates to optimize resource allocation. Across both K levels, AMF consistently activated auxin biosynthesis, and enriched Planctomycetota via root exudates (indole-2-carboxylic acid, L-arabitol, tropic acid), thereby promoting root growth and nutrient uptake.</p> Conclusions <p>AMF-mediated adaptation exhibited soil K-dependent plasticity, adopting stress adaptation in low-K and growth optimization in high-K soils. By integrating nutrient uptake, metabolic reprogramming, and microbial enrichment, AMF improved sweet potato adaptability and performance, providing a theoretical basis for AMF inoculation combined with targeted K management.</p>

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AMF modulation of sweet potato plant performance and rhizosphere microecology depends on soil potassium availability: shared and differential strategies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月26日

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  • Jie Yuan,
  • Wenna Zhao,
  • Xiaoqing Wu,
  • Cheng Ji,
  • Lei Wang,
  • Cong Xu,
  • Dong Liang,
  • Bing Feng,
  • Guopeng Zhu,
  • Fei Chen,
  • Jidong Wang,
  • Yongchun Zhang

摘要

Background

Sweet potato, a potassium (K) -favoring crop, strongly relies on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis for K nutrition. However, the interactive effects of soil K availability and AMF inoculation on plant performance and rhizosphere microecology of sweet potato remain unclear.

Methods

We integrated plant growth, nutrient uptake, root exudate metabolomics, and bacterial community profiling to elucidate the regulatory roles of soil K and AMF, and to identified shared and differential strategies under contrasting K levels.

Results

Soil K availability dominated rhizosphere microecology remodeling, enriched Chloroflexi, Methylomirabilota, Desulfobacterota, Latescibacterota, Nitrospirota, MBNT15, and NB1j involved in carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycling, and simultaneously upregulated signal transduction, primary and secondary metabolic pathways, thereby enhancing root growth and defense capacity. Whereas, AMF fine-tuned rhizosphere microecology and played a central role in improving root growth and nitrogen, phosphorus, and K uptake of sweet potato. In low-K soil, AMF primarily enhanced root growth and nutrient uptake (especially more K uptake), supporting plant adaptation to low-K condition and enriching beneficial microbes like Haliangium. Conversely, in high-K soil, AMF further promoted whole plant growth and nutrient uptake (especially more P uptake), while modulating root exudates to optimize resource allocation. Across both K levels, AMF consistently activated auxin biosynthesis, and enriched Planctomycetota via root exudates (indole-2-carboxylic acid, L-arabitol, tropic acid), thereby promoting root growth and nutrient uptake.

Conclusions

AMF-mediated adaptation exhibited soil K-dependent plasticity, adopting stress adaptation in low-K and growth optimization in high-K soils. By integrating nutrient uptake, metabolic reprogramming, and microbial enrichment, AMF improved sweet potato adaptability and performance, providing a theoretical basis for AMF inoculation combined with targeted K management.