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Background and Aims <p>Agrophotovoltaic systems (APV) co-locate photovoltaic power generation and crop production within the same land unit, providing a solution to mitigate climate change and land conflicts. However, it is unclear how plants with different characteristics adapt to the APV conditions and whether they improve their biomass and quality (medicinally active components).</p> Methods <p>We examined the feasibility and response mechanisms of cultivating <i>Astragalus membranaceus</i>, <i>Saposhnikovia divaricata</i>, and <i>Scutellaria baicalensis</i> in APV based on their resource-utilization strategies, and interactions between secondary metabolites and soil microorganisms.</p> Results <p><i>Astragalus membranaceus</i> adapted best, with high biomass and quality (astragaloside IV) under APV. It allocated more carbon to growth and improved resource acquisition by improving fine root architecture and increasing photosynthetic capacity. The surplus carbon was synthesized into astragaloside, which recruited microbes such as <i>Peziza</i> to further promote plant growth. The lower adaptability of <i>Saposhnikovia divaricata</i> caused the plants to allocate more rhizosphere carbon to obtain nutrients by secreting low-molecular-weight organic acids and extracellular enzymes, but the enrichment of pathogenic microorganisms such as <i>Paraphoma</i> reduced its biomass and quality (5-O-methylvisamminol, prim-O-glucosylcimifugin, and cimifugin). <i>Scutellaria baicalensis</i> invested more carbon in aboveground biomass and defense, thereby reduced belowground biomass. However, it responds to APV by increasing its chlorophyll content and root non-structural carbohydrates and by recruiting beneficial microbes such as <i>Mortierella</i>, thereby improving quality (baicalin and wogonoside).</p> Conclusion <p>Our results demonstrate the suitability of APV for cultivating plants, particularly <i>A. membranaceus</i>, and provide new insights for photovoltaic industry planning, sustainable agricultural management and APV benefit enhancement.</p>

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Promoting biomass and quality of plants in agrophotovoltaic systems through special secondary metabolites and beneficial soil microbial interactions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月1日

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  • Siqi Zhang,
  • Jirui Gong,
  • Weiyuan Zhang,
  • Xuede Dong,
  • Guisen Yang,
  • Ruijing Wang,
  • Shangpeng Zhang,
  • Yaohong Yu,
  • Chenyi Yan,
  • Tong Wang,
  • Qin Xie

摘要

Background and Aims

Agrophotovoltaic systems (APV) co-locate photovoltaic power generation and crop production within the same land unit, providing a solution to mitigate climate change and land conflicts. However, it is unclear how plants with different characteristics adapt to the APV conditions and whether they improve their biomass and quality (medicinally active components).

Methods

We examined the feasibility and response mechanisms of cultivating Astragalus membranaceus, Saposhnikovia divaricata, and Scutellaria baicalensis in APV based on their resource-utilization strategies, and interactions between secondary metabolites and soil microorganisms.

Results

Astragalus membranaceus adapted best, with high biomass and quality (astragaloside IV) under APV. It allocated more carbon to growth and improved resource acquisition by improving fine root architecture and increasing photosynthetic capacity. The surplus carbon was synthesized into astragaloside, which recruited microbes such as Peziza to further promote plant growth. The lower adaptability of Saposhnikovia divaricata caused the plants to allocate more rhizosphere carbon to obtain nutrients by secreting low-molecular-weight organic acids and extracellular enzymes, but the enrichment of pathogenic microorganisms such as Paraphoma reduced its biomass and quality (5-O-methylvisamminol, prim-O-glucosylcimifugin, and cimifugin). Scutellaria baicalensis invested more carbon in aboveground biomass and defense, thereby reduced belowground biomass. However, it responds to APV by increasing its chlorophyll content and root non-structural carbohydrates and by recruiting beneficial microbes such as Mortierella, thereby improving quality (baicalin and wogonoside).

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate the suitability of APV for cultivating plants, particularly A. membranaceus, and provide new insights for photovoltaic industry planning, sustainable agricultural management and APV benefit enhancement.