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Background and Aims <p>Sulfur (S) decreases arsenic (As) accumulation in crops, yet its mechanism and applicability to other plants remain unclear. This study investigated the role of S in As behavior in lettuces (<i>Lactuca sativa</i> L.) and evaluated S application in leafy plants, focusing on As complexation.</p> Methods <p>Plants were stressed with arsenate (AsV) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) under three different S supplementation (0, 1, and 3&#xa0;mM) in hydroponic culture. As species, As-phytochelatins, ascorbate–glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle enzymes and mineral elements in plants were analyzed.</p> Results <p>The effect of S was As-species-dependent. Specifically, under AsV stress, 3&#xa0;mM S significantly decreased As content by 20.8% in leaves and As translocation factor (TF) by 17.4%, while root As (230–252&#xa0;mg/kg, dry weight) and As-phytochelatins (1.02–1.27&#xa0;mg/kg, fresh weight) remained unaffected, which is contrary to other reports. In terms of As species, leaf arsenite (AsIII) content and TF-AsIII were decreased, but AsV and root AsIII content were not significantly changed. Under DMA stress, 3&#xa0;mM S significantly decreased As content by 17.7% in roots but did not alter leaf As content. The root DMA was significantly decreased, while monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and leaf DMA content were unchanged. Additionally, exogenous S regulated root AsA-GSH cycle over leaves under both As stresses and increased leaf Fe and Zn accumulation.</p> Conclusions <p>Exogenous S inhibited AsV and DMA uptake, suppressed AsV-to-AsIII conversion and AsIII transfer to leaves, and facilitated DMA-to-MMA conversion, highlighting its potential applications in agriculture to restrict As in leaves on contaminated lands.</p>

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Decreasing As accumulation in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) with exogenous sulfur in terms of As uptake, conversion, complexation, and transfer

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月29日

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  • Yang Song,
  • Yang Liu,
  • Haipu Li,
  • Qianwen Liu,
  • Denglong Lu,
  • Zhaoguang Yang

摘要

Background and Aims

Sulfur (S) decreases arsenic (As) accumulation in crops, yet its mechanism and applicability to other plants remain unclear. This study investigated the role of S in As behavior in lettuces (Lactuca sativa L.) and evaluated S application in leafy plants, focusing on As complexation.

Methods

Plants were stressed with arsenate (AsV) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) under three different S supplementation (0, 1, and 3 mM) in hydroponic culture. As species, As-phytochelatins, ascorbate–glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle enzymes and mineral elements in plants were analyzed.

Results

The effect of S was As-species-dependent. Specifically, under AsV stress, 3 mM S significantly decreased As content by 20.8% in leaves and As translocation factor (TF) by 17.4%, while root As (230–252 mg/kg, dry weight) and As-phytochelatins (1.02–1.27 mg/kg, fresh weight) remained unaffected, which is contrary to other reports. In terms of As species, leaf arsenite (AsIII) content and TF-AsIII were decreased, but AsV and root AsIII content were not significantly changed. Under DMA stress, 3 mM S significantly decreased As content by 17.7% in roots but did not alter leaf As content. The root DMA was significantly decreased, while monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and leaf DMA content were unchanged. Additionally, exogenous S regulated root AsA-GSH cycle over leaves under both As stresses and increased leaf Fe and Zn accumulation.

Conclusions

Exogenous S inhibited AsV and DMA uptake, suppressed AsV-to-AsIII conversion and AsIII transfer to leaves, and facilitated DMA-to-MMA conversion, highlighting its potential applications in agriculture to restrict As in leaves on contaminated lands.