Aims <p>Soil salinization critically threatens global agricultural productivity and land sustainability. Although salt-tolerant plants like <i>Zoysia macrostachya</i> show promise for saline land reclamation, their growth is severely inhibited by high salinity. With few solutions addressing both plant stress and soil degradation, this study introduces a novel amendment strategy to enhance turfgrass resilience and restore soil quality in saline environments.</p> Methods <p>A unique amendment system combining rice husk-derived biochar with a custom-synthesized Si/K nutrient solution was developed and applied to <i>Z. macrostachya</i> grown under high salinity (≥ 23.44 dS/m, EC). Plant physiological and transcriptomic responses and antioxidant enzyme activities were assessed, alongside changes in soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities.</p> Results <p>The biochar-Si/K treatment significantly improved plant growth and salt tolerance. Treated plants exhibited a 127.8% increase in chlorophyll content, enhanced antioxidant activity, and a 54.2% reduction in oxidative damage. Ion homeostasis was restored, with improved K⁺/Na⁺ ratios ranging from 3.17 to 23.92. Transcriptomics revealed the upregulation of genes involved in stress signaling and ion transport. Furthermore, soil structure improved with a 52.8% reduction in bulk density and a 12-fold increase in organic matter, while shifts in the microbiome, including an increased abundance of <i>Gemmatimonadota</i>, suggested enhanced nutrient cycling and soil resilience.</p> Conclusions <p>This novel biochar-Si/K amendment strategy provides a sustainable solution for enhancing plant salt tolerance and restoring saline soils. These findings advance understanding of integrated plant-soil responses and hold promise for ecological restoration and agricultural productivity in salt-affected environments.</p> Graphic Abstract <p></p>

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Synergistic biochar-silicon amendments: a mechanistic study to enhanced salt tolerance and soil health in turfgrass systems

  • Bingliang Zhou,
  • Xiujuan Liu,
  • Shuren Ji,
  • Xingyuan Zhou,
  • Mei Wang,
  • Anthony Dichiara,
  • Nanqing Liu

摘要

Aims

Soil salinization critically threatens global agricultural productivity and land sustainability. Although salt-tolerant plants like Zoysia macrostachya show promise for saline land reclamation, their growth is severely inhibited by high salinity. With few solutions addressing both plant stress and soil degradation, this study introduces a novel amendment strategy to enhance turfgrass resilience and restore soil quality in saline environments.

Methods

A unique amendment system combining rice husk-derived biochar with a custom-synthesized Si/K nutrient solution was developed and applied to Z. macrostachya grown under high salinity (≥ 23.44 dS/m, EC). Plant physiological and transcriptomic responses and antioxidant enzyme activities were assessed, alongside changes in soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities.

Results

The biochar-Si/K treatment significantly improved plant growth and salt tolerance. Treated plants exhibited a 127.8% increase in chlorophyll content, enhanced antioxidant activity, and a 54.2% reduction in oxidative damage. Ion homeostasis was restored, with improved K⁺/Na⁺ ratios ranging from 3.17 to 23.92. Transcriptomics revealed the upregulation of genes involved in stress signaling and ion transport. Furthermore, soil structure improved with a 52.8% reduction in bulk density and a 12-fold increase in organic matter, while shifts in the microbiome, including an increased abundance of Gemmatimonadota, suggested enhanced nutrient cycling and soil resilience.

Conclusions

This novel biochar-Si/K amendment strategy provides a sustainable solution for enhancing plant salt tolerance and restoring saline soils. These findings advance understanding of integrated plant-soil responses and hold promise for ecological restoration and agricultural productivity in salt-affected environments.

Graphic Abstract