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Aims <p>This study aimed to investigate the diversity, composition, and functional potential of endophytic bacterial and fungal communities in the roots and leaves of two closely related desert halophytes, <i>Reaumuria kaschgarica</i> and <i>R. songarica</i>, to better understand their ecological roles and contributions to plant adaptation in extreme environments.</p> Methods <p>High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA and ITS1 genes was used to characterize endophytic microbes in root and leaf tissues. Alpha and beta diversity analyses, along with network analysis, were performed to evaluate community diversity, structure, and co-occurrence patterns. Functional predictions were conducted using PICRUSt2, and key soil physicochemical properties were assessed to determine environmental influences on microbial composition.</p> Results <p>Distinct species- and tissue-specific microbial distribution patterns were observed. Bacterial diversity was higher in roots, while fungal diversity was greater in leaves. Beta diversity and network analyses revealed significant differences in microbial community structure and complexity between species and tissues. <i>R. kaschgarica</i> exhibited more pronounced microbial differentiation, particularly in leaf bacterial networks and root fungal communities. Functional predictions suggested both shared pathways (e.g., amino acid biosynthesis, oxidative stress response) and host-specific functions. Soil factors such as pH, available potassium, and total carbon strongly affected root-associated bacterial communities, whereas fungal communities were shaped more by tissue type than soil chemistry.</p> Conclusions <p>The results underscore the key roles of plant species and tissue types in shaping endophytic microbiomes. These findings highlight how endophytic microbes may contribute to halophyte resilience in saline environment and provide new insights into plant–microbe interactions under environmental stress.</p>

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Insights into tissue-specific and species-dependent divergence in endophytic microbial communities of two closely related halophytes Reaumuria kaschgarica and R. songarica

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月23日

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  • Jiao Li,
  • Xin Xiang,
  • Wenjing Li,
  • Boai Jia,
  • Wenlin Yang,
  • Wei Wang,
  • Chengti Xu,
  • Hengxia Yin,
  • Benyin Zhang

摘要

Aims

This study aimed to investigate the diversity, composition, and functional potential of endophytic bacterial and fungal communities in the roots and leaves of two closely related desert halophytes, Reaumuria kaschgarica and R. songarica, to better understand their ecological roles and contributions to plant adaptation in extreme environments.

Methods

High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA and ITS1 genes was used to characterize endophytic microbes in root and leaf tissues. Alpha and beta diversity analyses, along with network analysis, were performed to evaluate community diversity, structure, and co-occurrence patterns. Functional predictions were conducted using PICRUSt2, and key soil physicochemical properties were assessed to determine environmental influences on microbial composition.

Results

Distinct species- and tissue-specific microbial distribution patterns were observed. Bacterial diversity was higher in roots, while fungal diversity was greater in leaves. Beta diversity and network analyses revealed significant differences in microbial community structure and complexity between species and tissues. R. kaschgarica exhibited more pronounced microbial differentiation, particularly in leaf bacterial networks and root fungal communities. Functional predictions suggested both shared pathways (e.g., amino acid biosynthesis, oxidative stress response) and host-specific functions. Soil factors such as pH, available potassium, and total carbon strongly affected root-associated bacterial communities, whereas fungal communities were shaped more by tissue type than soil chemistry.

Conclusions

The results underscore the key roles of plant species and tissue types in shaping endophytic microbiomes. These findings highlight how endophytic microbes may contribute to halophyte resilience in saline environment and provide new insights into plant–microbe interactions under environmental stress.