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Aims <p>Phenylpropanoid and terpenoid metabolisms, accepted as vital secondary metabolic pathways, are involved in plants' defense&#xa0;against the potentially toxic element (PTE) exposure such as cadmium, zinc, copper, and chromium. Phenylpropanoid metabolism&#xa0;contains multiple branch pathways consisting of an array of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Correspondingly, it accounts for the&#xa0;biosynthesis of flavonoids and lignin. The terpenoid metabolic pathway, with adenosine triphosphate and reduced nicotinamide&#xa0;adenine dinucleotide phosphate as raw materials, comprises of the methylerythritol phosphate pathway in plastids and the&#xa0;mevalonate/acetic acid pathway in the cytoplasm. It is involved in the biosynthesis of various terpenoid compounds, such as defense&#xa0;substances, signaling molecules, and phytohormones. As a result, the significant function of phenylpropanoid and terpenoid&#xa0;metabolisms in plants responding to PTE exposure should be highlighted.</p> Methods <p>This review focuses functions of phenylpropanoid and terpenoid metabolisms in PTE-treated plants. Correspondingly, both regulation&#xa0;mechamisms are also discussed. Meanwhile, phytoremediation potential of phenylpropanoids and terpenoids in plants have also&#xa0;been summarized.</p> Results <p>In this review, we summarized the progress made on the contribution of phenylpropanoid and terpenoid metabolism to coordinating&#xa0;plant interactions with PTEs. Generally speaking, phenylpropanoid metabolism represents a universal strategy for a plant defense&#xa0;against PTEs independent of PTE concentrations, whereas terpenoid metabolism does not function well under a higher PTE&#xa0;concentration.</p> Conclusion <p>This review provides new insights for effectively improving phytoremediation efficiency in PTE-contaminated environments.</p>

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Phenylpropanoid and Terpenoid Metabolism and Their Regulation in Plants Response to Potentially Toxic Element Exposure: Implication for Phytoremediation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月26日

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  • Jianpan Xin,
  • Yan Li,
  • Jiamin Xiao,
  • Chu Zhao,
  • Qianqian Zheng,
  • Runan Tian

摘要

Aims

Phenylpropanoid and terpenoid metabolisms, accepted as vital secondary metabolic pathways, are involved in plants' defense against the potentially toxic element (PTE) exposure such as cadmium, zinc, copper, and chromium. Phenylpropanoid metabolism contains multiple branch pathways consisting of an array of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Correspondingly, it accounts for the biosynthesis of flavonoids and lignin. The terpenoid metabolic pathway, with adenosine triphosphate and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate as raw materials, comprises of the methylerythritol phosphate pathway in plastids and the mevalonate/acetic acid pathway in the cytoplasm. It is involved in the biosynthesis of various terpenoid compounds, such as defense substances, signaling molecules, and phytohormones. As a result, the significant function of phenylpropanoid and terpenoid metabolisms in plants responding to PTE exposure should be highlighted.

Methods

This review focuses functions of phenylpropanoid and terpenoid metabolisms in PTE-treated plants. Correspondingly, both regulation mechamisms are also discussed. Meanwhile, phytoremediation potential of phenylpropanoids and terpenoids in plants have also been summarized.

Results

In this review, we summarized the progress made on the contribution of phenylpropanoid and terpenoid metabolism to coordinating plant interactions with PTEs. Generally speaking, phenylpropanoid metabolism represents a universal strategy for a plant defense against PTEs independent of PTE concentrations, whereas terpenoid metabolism does not function well under a higher PTE concentration.

Conclusion

This review provides new insights for effectively improving phytoremediation efficiency in PTE-contaminated environments.