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Background and aims <p>Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play indispensable roles in enhancing plant growth and maintaining multifunctionality. Nevertheless, the response mechanisms of the AM fungal community, diversity, and multifunctionality to different nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs remain poorly understood in dryland areas, particularly on China's Loess Plateau.</p> Methods <p>We collected wheat rhizosphere soils under four fertilization treatments (P input alone (Pc); N input alone (Nc); optimized N and P inputs (MNP, recommended input rates for local farmers); and excessive N and P inputs (HNP, overuse for wheat)) across four sites to explore the impacts of N and P fertilizer inputs on soil AM fungal diversity, assembly processes, crop traits, and multifunctionality.</p> Results <p>The Pc treatment significantly decreased AM fungal diversity, whereas the MNP treatment increased it. Compared with the HNP treatment, the MNP treatment also resulted in the highest soil AM fungal network complexity without significantly reducing wheat grain yield. Furthermore, both multifunctionality and wheat grain yield were strongly associated with the biodiversity of the dominant AM fungal ecological cluster (Module #0).</p> Conclusions <p>Our results emphasize the importance of AM fungal community structure and diversity in maintaining wheat grain yield and multifunctionality under the recommended N and P fertilizer inputs.</p>

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Optimized nitrogen and phosphorus inputs increase the complexity of the soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal network to sustain wheat production on China's Loess Plateau

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月19日

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  • Lei Liu,
  • Wenjie Yang,
  • Bingli Jia,
  • Yanhang Li,
  • Yu Yang,
  • Jiangyun Lin,
  • Zhaohui Wang,
  • Jinshan Liu

摘要

Background and aims

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play indispensable roles in enhancing plant growth and maintaining multifunctionality. Nevertheless, the response mechanisms of the AM fungal community, diversity, and multifunctionality to different nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs remain poorly understood in dryland areas, particularly on China's Loess Plateau.

Methods

We collected wheat rhizosphere soils under four fertilization treatments (P input alone (Pc); N input alone (Nc); optimized N and P inputs (MNP, recommended input rates for local farmers); and excessive N and P inputs (HNP, overuse for wheat)) across four sites to explore the impacts of N and P fertilizer inputs on soil AM fungal diversity, assembly processes, crop traits, and multifunctionality.

Results

The Pc treatment significantly decreased AM fungal diversity, whereas the MNP treatment increased it. Compared with the HNP treatment, the MNP treatment also resulted in the highest soil AM fungal network complexity without significantly reducing wheat grain yield. Furthermore, both multifunctionality and wheat grain yield were strongly associated with the biodiversity of the dominant AM fungal ecological cluster (Module #0).

Conclusions

Our results emphasize the importance of AM fungal community structure and diversity in maintaining wheat grain yield and multifunctionality under the recommended N and P fertilizer inputs.