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Aims <p>Sloping croplands in China face compounding constraints: inherent nutrient deficits constrain fertility restoration, and degraded soil structure restricts root adaptability. Although ridge tillage with organic amendments enhances soil quality, the synergistic effects of ridge configuration and stratified fertilization on productivity via soil hydrothermal conditions and soil-root interactions require clarification.</p> Methods <p>A split-plot experiment was implemented in a subtropical arid-hot valley with two ridge heights (20&#xa0;cm and 30&#xa0;cm), and three application strategies (NM: no-manure, SM: single-layered manure, DM: double-layered manure). The impact of these treatments on soil hydrothermal properties, root system architectures and spatial distribution, soil quality, and plant growth was assessed.</p> Results <p>The SM and DM increased soil temperature and its intraday fluctuation at 20&#xa0;cm ridge height compared with NM, but effectively mitigated soil temperature fluctuations at 30&#xa0;cm ridge height, in which DM increased soil moisture by 2.5–14.5% during 10–30&#xa0;days after transplanting. Through the adjustment of soil temperature and humidity, the coupling effects between water and nutrients in the soil profile can engineer root architecture remodeling. DM shaped root architecture by inducing shallower root angle and intra-row horizontal expansion, along with large diameter and deeper vertical growth at 30&#xa0;cm ridge height. These plasticity responses drove dry matter and tobacco yield increases by 44.9% and 12.5%, respectively.</p> Conclusions <p>Double-layered manure application (DM) at 30&#xa0;cm ridge demonstrated multifunctional capacity to simultaneously regulate pedoclimate, direct root plasticity, and amplify productivity in climate-affected mountain agriculture.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Layered manure enhances root development via soil hydrothermal optimization in ridge tillage

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月11日

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  • Bo Kang,
  • Xun Yan,
  • Yingjie Zhang,
  • Rong Huang,
  • Youlin Luo,
  • Qiang Xu,
  • Lihong Han,
  • Changquan Wang,
  • Bing Li

摘要

Aims

Sloping croplands in China face compounding constraints: inherent nutrient deficits constrain fertility restoration, and degraded soil structure restricts root adaptability. Although ridge tillage with organic amendments enhances soil quality, the synergistic effects of ridge configuration and stratified fertilization on productivity via soil hydrothermal conditions and soil-root interactions require clarification.

Methods

A split-plot experiment was implemented in a subtropical arid-hot valley with two ridge heights (20 cm and 30 cm), and three application strategies (NM: no-manure, SM: single-layered manure, DM: double-layered manure). The impact of these treatments on soil hydrothermal properties, root system architectures and spatial distribution, soil quality, and plant growth was assessed.

Results

The SM and DM increased soil temperature and its intraday fluctuation at 20 cm ridge height compared with NM, but effectively mitigated soil temperature fluctuations at 30 cm ridge height, in which DM increased soil moisture by 2.5–14.5% during 10–30 days after transplanting. Through the adjustment of soil temperature and humidity, the coupling effects between water and nutrients in the soil profile can engineer root architecture remodeling. DM shaped root architecture by inducing shallower root angle and intra-row horizontal expansion, along with large diameter and deeper vertical growth at 30 cm ridge height. These plasticity responses drove dry matter and tobacco yield increases by 44.9% and 12.5%, respectively.

Conclusions

Double-layered manure application (DM) at 30 cm ridge demonstrated multifunctional capacity to simultaneously regulate pedoclimate, direct root plasticity, and amplify productivity in climate-affected mountain agriculture.

Graphical abstract