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Background and aims <p><i>Santolina semidentata</i> is a Mediterranean shrub which grows on different substrates including ultramafics, but there is no information about the role of phenotypic plasticity or local adaptation in the colonisation of ultramafic soils.</p> Methods <p>We conducted a greenhouse trial in which seeds from three populations of <i>S. semidentata</i>, one population of <i>S. rosmarinifolia</i>, and a population of the ultramafic endemic <i>S. melidensis</i> were cultivated for 17&#xa0;weeks in three different soils (derived from limestones, granodiorites, and serpentinites). At harvest, we estimated differences between populations in plant survival, plant biomass and leaf ionomes.</p> Results <p>The five populations had a similar survival on limestone and granodiorite-derived soils, whereas the ultramafic endemic <i>S. melidensis</i> and the ultramafic population of <i>S. semidentata</i> were the only ones able to survive in serpentinites. The two ultramafic populations had lower biomass and phenotypic plasticity than the non-ultramafic ones. Soil type had a major effect on leaf ionomes of the five populations. The ultramafic populations showed consistently higher Ca concentrations and lower Mg concentrations than the non-ultramafic populations. <i>S. melidensis</i> showed unusually high sodium foliar concentrations (around 1%) across the three soils.</p> Conclusion <p>Our results suggest that the colonisation of ultramafic soils has involved the evolution of a locally adapted ecotype in <i>S. semidentata.</i> Ultramafic tolerance seems to be mediated by efficient mechanisms of regulation of the foliar Ca:Mg ratio. High accumulation of sodium in the leaves of the ultramafic-endemic <i>S. melidensis</i> may be related to mechanisms of tolerance to drought stress in ultramafic areas.</p>

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Tolerance to ultramafic soils is mediated by control of Ca:Mg ratio in Santolina semidentata Hoffmanns. & Link. and allied taxa within the Santolina rosmarinifolia complex

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月20日

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  • Celestino Quintela-Sabarís,
  • Rodrigo Carballal,
  • Carmen Monterroso,
  • Julia Sánchez Vilas,
  • Miguel Serrano,
  • Cristian Lourido,
  • Santiago Feijóo-Montenegro,
  • Santiago Ortiz

摘要

Background and aims

Santolina semidentata is a Mediterranean shrub which grows on different substrates including ultramafics, but there is no information about the role of phenotypic plasticity or local adaptation in the colonisation of ultramafic soils.

Methods

We conducted a greenhouse trial in which seeds from three populations of S. semidentata, one population of S. rosmarinifolia, and a population of the ultramafic endemic S. melidensis were cultivated for 17 weeks in three different soils (derived from limestones, granodiorites, and serpentinites). At harvest, we estimated differences between populations in plant survival, plant biomass and leaf ionomes.

Results

The five populations had a similar survival on limestone and granodiorite-derived soils, whereas the ultramafic endemic S. melidensis and the ultramafic population of S. semidentata were the only ones able to survive in serpentinites. The two ultramafic populations had lower biomass and phenotypic plasticity than the non-ultramafic ones. Soil type had a major effect on leaf ionomes of the five populations. The ultramafic populations showed consistently higher Ca concentrations and lower Mg concentrations than the non-ultramafic populations. S. melidensis showed unusually high sodium foliar concentrations (around 1%) across the three soils.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that the colonisation of ultramafic soils has involved the evolution of a locally adapted ecotype in S. semidentata. Ultramafic tolerance seems to be mediated by efficient mechanisms of regulation of the foliar Ca:Mg ratio. High accumulation of sodium in the leaves of the ultramafic-endemic S. melidensis may be related to mechanisms of tolerance to drought stress in ultramafic areas.