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Background and aims <p>Silicon (Si)-modified biochar (MSC) is an innovative soil amendment that combines the benefits of silicon and biochar to enhance soil and plant health. However, the mechanisms behind its impacts on disease suppression, soil carbon sequestration and soil microbiomes remain largely unexplored.</p> Methods <p>To assess the impact of Si-modified biochar on soil characteristics and microbial dynamics under <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> stress, a controlled pot experiment was performed. Soil physicochemical properties, carbon fractions, pathogen abundance, and bacterial community composition were evaluated using established biochemical and molecular approaches.</p> Results <p>Si-modified biochar significantly reduced the abundance of <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> in soil by 41.3%, and in tomato roots, stems, and leaves by 67.1%, 72.6%, and 65.1%, respectively (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The wilt disease index was reduced by 73.4% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), indicating effective suppression of soil-borne pathogens. Additionally, biochar application significantly enhanced rhizosphere soil multifunctionality and carbon storage, as evidenced by increases in soil pH, enzyme activities, soil organic carbon (SOC), and readily oxidizable carbon (ROC). Moreover, silicon-modified biochar altered bacterial community structure and increased the modularity of the microbial co-occurrence network. The relative abundances of beneficial taxa such as <i>Bacillus</i> and <i>Xanthomonadaceae</i> were significantly increased by 482.7% and 52.7% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), contributing to enhanced microbial diversity and network stability.</p> Conclusions <p>Si-modified biochar mitigated bacterial wilt by enriching beneficial microbes, increasing soil enzyme activity, and promoting carbon sequestration, collectively reinforcing rhizosphere soil health.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Silicon-modified biochar suppresses bacterial wilt and enhances rhizosphere soil health via microbiome modulation and carbon sequestration

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月1日

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  • Sheng Wang,
  • Tian-tian Zhang,
  • Israt Jahan,
  • Bogui Pan,
  • Yixia Cai,
  • Kunzheng Cai

摘要

Background and aims

Silicon (Si)-modified biochar (MSC) is an innovative soil amendment that combines the benefits of silicon and biochar to enhance soil and plant health. However, the mechanisms behind its impacts on disease suppression, soil carbon sequestration and soil microbiomes remain largely unexplored.

Methods

To assess the impact of Si-modified biochar on soil characteristics and microbial dynamics under Ralstonia solanacearum stress, a controlled pot experiment was performed. Soil physicochemical properties, carbon fractions, pathogen abundance, and bacterial community composition were evaluated using established biochemical and molecular approaches.

Results

Si-modified biochar significantly reduced the abundance of Ralstonia solanacearum in soil by 41.3%, and in tomato roots, stems, and leaves by 67.1%, 72.6%, and 65.1%, respectively (p < 0.05). The wilt disease index was reduced by 73.4% (p < 0.01), indicating effective suppression of soil-borne pathogens. Additionally, biochar application significantly enhanced rhizosphere soil multifunctionality and carbon storage, as evidenced by increases in soil pH, enzyme activities, soil organic carbon (SOC), and readily oxidizable carbon (ROC). Moreover, silicon-modified biochar altered bacterial community structure and increased the modularity of the microbial co-occurrence network. The relative abundances of beneficial taxa such as Bacillus and Xanthomonadaceae were significantly increased by 482.7% and 52.7% (p < 0.05), contributing to enhanced microbial diversity and network stability.

Conclusions

Si-modified biochar mitigated bacterial wilt by enriching beneficial microbes, increasing soil enzyme activity, and promoting carbon sequestration, collectively reinforcing rhizosphere soil health.

Graphical Abstract