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Aims <p>The southern red soil region of China faces severe erosion, making vegetation restoration essential for improving soil structure and quality. However, the mechanisms behind the changes in aggregate nutrients and organic carbon during recovery are poorly understood.</p> Methods <p>Soil samples from five vegetation succession stages—bare land (BL), grassland (GL), grassland shrub transition land (GS), shrubland (SL), and secondary forest (SF)—were collected at 0–20&#xa0;cm and 20–40&#xa0;cm depths to assess changes in total nutrients, available nutrients, and organic carbon fractions in soil aggregates.</p> Results <p>The results showed that: (1) Organic carbon and its fractions (phenolic, aliphatic, polysaccharides, and carboxyl carbon) increased with vegetation restoration. (2) Total nitrogen (TN), phosphorus (TP), and potassium (TK) rose with succession and decreased with depth, peaking in the SF stage, while alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN) and available potassium (AK) peaked at the SL stage. (3) Aggregates &gt; 2&#xa0;mm contributed most to nutrient storage (26.50–68.33%), especially in SL and SF stages. Their nutrient contribution strongly correlated with aggregate size distribution (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.907–0.998). (4) TN, TK, and AK varied significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) across aggregate sizes, whereas organic carbon, TP, AN, and available phosphorus (AP) were more influenced by vegetation stage than aggregate size.</p> Conclusions <p>The research results elucidate the response mechanisms of the spatial distributions of nutrients and organic carbon within soil aggregates during vegetation succession. These findings provide a scientific basis and technical support for the ecological restoration and management of severely eroded and degraded lands in red soil regions.</p>

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Spatial patterns of soil carbon and nutrient distribution during vegetation restoration in red soil regions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月28日

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  • Hongyu Liu,
  • Zhe Lin,
  • Wanxia Huang,
  • Dalan Liao,
  • Xiaoqian Duan,
  • Yusong Deng

摘要

Aims

The southern red soil region of China faces severe erosion, making vegetation restoration essential for improving soil structure and quality. However, the mechanisms behind the changes in aggregate nutrients and organic carbon during recovery are poorly understood.

Methods

Soil samples from five vegetation succession stages—bare land (BL), grassland (GL), grassland shrub transition land (GS), shrubland (SL), and secondary forest (SF)—were collected at 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm depths to assess changes in total nutrients, available nutrients, and organic carbon fractions in soil aggregates.

Results

The results showed that: (1) Organic carbon and its fractions (phenolic, aliphatic, polysaccharides, and carboxyl carbon) increased with vegetation restoration. (2) Total nitrogen (TN), phosphorus (TP), and potassium (TK) rose with succession and decreased with depth, peaking in the SF stage, while alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN) and available potassium (AK) peaked at the SL stage. (3) Aggregates > 2 mm contributed most to nutrient storage (26.50–68.33%), especially in SL and SF stages. Their nutrient contribution strongly correlated with aggregate size distribution (R2 = 0.907–0.998). (4) TN, TK, and AK varied significantly (p < 0.01) across aggregate sizes, whereas organic carbon, TP, AN, and available phosphorus (AP) were more influenced by vegetation stage than aggregate size.

Conclusions

The research results elucidate the response mechanisms of the spatial distributions of nutrients and organic carbon within soil aggregates during vegetation succession. These findings provide a scientific basis and technical support for the ecological restoration and management of severely eroded and degraded lands in red soil regions.