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Background and aims <p>Excessive reliance on chemical fertilizers (CFs) for crop production poses detrimental impacts on soil and plants. Bio-organic fertilizers (BOFs), with nutrient-providing capacities similar to those of CFs, are expected to enhance crop yields while improving soil conditions. However, the effects of BOF application on crop yield, soil organic carbon (SOC), and soil biological properties remain unclear.</p> Methods <p>We conducted a meta-analysis of 61 peer-reviewed articles from 56 sites, to quantify the impacts of BOF applications on crop yield and soil properties across three major grain crops in China’s agricultural systems.</p> Results <p>BOF application significantly increased microbial biomass carbon (MBC) by 26.97%, soil enzyme activity by 5.29–25.32%, and soil microbial diversity by 3.10–11.19%. Concurrently, compared with CFs, BOF application significantly enhanced crop yield and SOC by 6.66–12.77% and 11.40%, respectively. Soil texture, BOF types, raw materials and climatic conditions were identified as key factors influencing crop yield and SOC responses. Notably, BOFs demonstrated significant efficacy in enhancing crop yield in sandy loam soil, particularly under relatively high temperature and rainfall conditions. <i>Trichoderma</i> biofertilizers exhibited greater advantages in promoting SOC and soil microbial diversity. Additionally, we recommend using mixed straw and animal manure as raw materials for BOFs rather than single components.</p> Conclusion <p>Our results underscore that application of BOFs can sustain or even surpass the crop yields obtained with CFs, while improving SOC and soil biological properties. This implies that promoting BOFs as an alternative to CFs represents a crucial strategy for advancing sustainable agriculture.</p>

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Unveiling the potential of bio-organic fertilizers to enhance crop yield and improve soil and microbial environments: A meta-analysis in China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月7日

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  • Xiaofang Huang,
  • Wei Sun,
  • Chengqun Yu,
  • Peili Shi,
  • Junxi Wu,
  • Fadong Li,
  • Ran Xiao,
  • Jialuo Yu,
  • Jiabao Wang,
  • Tao Mu

摘要

Background and aims

Excessive reliance on chemical fertilizers (CFs) for crop production poses detrimental impacts on soil and plants. Bio-organic fertilizers (BOFs), with nutrient-providing capacities similar to those of CFs, are expected to enhance crop yields while improving soil conditions. However, the effects of BOF application on crop yield, soil organic carbon (SOC), and soil biological properties remain unclear.

Methods

We conducted a meta-analysis of 61 peer-reviewed articles from 56 sites, to quantify the impacts of BOF applications on crop yield and soil properties across three major grain crops in China’s agricultural systems.

Results

BOF application significantly increased microbial biomass carbon (MBC) by 26.97%, soil enzyme activity by 5.29–25.32%, and soil microbial diversity by 3.10–11.19%. Concurrently, compared with CFs, BOF application significantly enhanced crop yield and SOC by 6.66–12.77% and 11.40%, respectively. Soil texture, BOF types, raw materials and climatic conditions were identified as key factors influencing crop yield and SOC responses. Notably, BOFs demonstrated significant efficacy in enhancing crop yield in sandy loam soil, particularly under relatively high temperature and rainfall conditions. Trichoderma biofertilizers exhibited greater advantages in promoting SOC and soil microbial diversity. Additionally, we recommend using mixed straw and animal manure as raw materials for BOFs rather than single components.

Conclusion

Our results underscore that application of BOFs can sustain or even surpass the crop yields obtained with CFs, while improving SOC and soil biological properties. This implies that promoting BOFs as an alternative to CFs represents a crucial strategy for advancing sustainable agriculture.