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Background and aims <p>Legume rotation and optimized nitrogen application are established strategies for sustainable crop production and soil quality improvement. This study aims to clarify the effects of soybean stubble combined with nitrogen reduction on winter wheat growth, nitrogen uptake, soil ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF), and soil-crop interactions.</p> Methods <p>In three different preceding crop systems (Fallow-F, Soybean-B, and Maize-M), three nitrogen levels (N0: 0, N1: 125, N2:225&#xa0;kg N/ha) were applied during the wheat season to investigate the effects on wheat root growth, aboveground biomass accumulation, nitrogen absorption, yield, and soil EMF.</p> Results <p>Compared with F and M stubbles, B significantly promoted the growth of wheat, increasing nitrogen uptake by 27.48% and 33.35%, and yield by 19.10% and 20.03%, respectively. Across different stubble treatments, the root index, aboveground biomass, and nitrogen accumulation of wheat increased with nitrogen application. B stubble also significantly improved annual economic benefits and EMF, particularly at the N1 level (BN1), showing average increases of 70.87% and 4.17 times over other treatments. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between root and aboveground wheat growth, with soil parameters positively correlating with both belowground and aboveground growth, as well as nitrogen accumulation and yield. Notably, soil enzyme activity and total nitrogen content were more strongly related to variations in wheat growth indicators.</p> Conclusion <p>The best combined performance of the BN1 treatment in terms of crop growth, economic efficiency and ecosystem provides theoretical support for the incorporation of legumes into cropping systems to reduce chemical nitrogen fertilizer application and improve soil ecosystem multifunctionality.</p> Graphical Abstract <p><b>Note:</b> Schematic figure of experimental design and summary of research results. The data in the blue box represent the results of the comparison between the fallow stubble and the maize stubble, and the data in the green box represent the results of the comparison between the soybean stubble and the maize stubble.</p> <p></p>

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Legume rotation with optimal nitrogen management enhances subsequent winter wheat productivity and soil ecosystem multifunctionality: a case study in semi-humid regions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月25日

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  • Nan Cui,
  • Tianxiang Qi,
  • Zhen Chen,
  • Jiayi Wang,
  • Jing Ma,
  • Enke Liu,
  • Medelbek Meruyert,
  • Zhikuan Jia,
  • Kadambot H. M. Siddique,
  • Peng Zhang

摘要

Background and aims

Legume rotation and optimized nitrogen application are established strategies for sustainable crop production and soil quality improvement. This study aims to clarify the effects of soybean stubble combined with nitrogen reduction on winter wheat growth, nitrogen uptake, soil ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF), and soil-crop interactions.

Methods

In three different preceding crop systems (Fallow-F, Soybean-B, and Maize-M), three nitrogen levels (N0: 0, N1: 125, N2:225 kg N/ha) were applied during the wheat season to investigate the effects on wheat root growth, aboveground biomass accumulation, nitrogen absorption, yield, and soil EMF.

Results

Compared with F and M stubbles, B significantly promoted the growth of wheat, increasing nitrogen uptake by 27.48% and 33.35%, and yield by 19.10% and 20.03%, respectively. Across different stubble treatments, the root index, aboveground biomass, and nitrogen accumulation of wheat increased with nitrogen application. B stubble also significantly improved annual economic benefits and EMF, particularly at the N1 level (BN1), showing average increases of 70.87% and 4.17 times over other treatments. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between root and aboveground wheat growth, with soil parameters positively correlating with both belowground and aboveground growth, as well as nitrogen accumulation and yield. Notably, soil enzyme activity and total nitrogen content were more strongly related to variations in wheat growth indicators.

Conclusion

The best combined performance of the BN1 treatment in terms of crop growth, economic efficiency and ecosystem provides theoretical support for the incorporation of legumes into cropping systems to reduce chemical nitrogen fertilizer application and improve soil ecosystem multifunctionality.

Graphical Abstract

Note: Schematic figure of experimental design and summary of research results. The data in the blue box represent the results of the comparison between the fallow stubble and the maize stubble, and the data in the green box represent the results of the comparison between the soybean stubble and the maize stubble.