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Background and aims <p>Cassava adapts to infertile soils, but long-term inadequate fertilization impacts on yield and soil microbes remain unclear. This study aims to evaluate three-decade fertilization effects on cassava productivity, soil microbial communities, and resilience mechanisms to inform sustainable tropical agriculture strategies.</p> Methods <p>Rhizosphere soils were sampled from a 30-years experimental field with six treatments: NPK (balanced fertilization), PK (N-deficiency), NK (P-deficiency), NP (K-deficiency), -NPK (no fertilization), and FNPK (50% NPK plus burned soil). High-throughput sequencing was used to analyze microbial community composition and functions.</p> Results <p>Deficiency treatments (PK, NK, NP, and -NPK) decreased yield by 38.6% (<i>P</i> = 0.000), 21.3% (<i>P</i> = 0.021), 38.1% (<i>P</i> = 0.000), and 61.6% (<i>P</i> = 0.000) versus NPK, respectively, while FNPK maintained yield (<i>P</i> = 0.480). Compared to NPK, NK intensified acidification (pH decrease 6.0%), and NP depleted organic carbon (34.0% loss), whereas FNPK improved soil pH by 13.6% and nutrients availability. Deficiency fertilization did not significantly impact on bacterial and fungal alpha-diversity, whereas FNPK increased bacterial richness, diversity, and modified bacterial and fungal beta-diversity. Soil pH mainly drove microbial community shifts. FNPK treatment reduced abundances of Acidobacteriota and Crenarchaeota phyla while boosted abundances of Acidobacteriota genus <i>RB41</i> and Proteobacteria <i>MND1</i>. FNPK shifted dominant fungal phyla from Ascomycota to Basidiomycota, and reduced the wilt-associated genus <i>Melanconiella</i>. PK, NK, and -NPK suppressed key microbial functions, FNPK enhanced functional groups of chemoheterotrophy, and arbuscular mycorrhizal.</p> Conclusion <p>These findings suggest that prolonged nitrogen-based fertilization exacerbates soil acidification and disrupts microbial communities, while integrating burned soil with chemical fertilizers can improve fertility and diversity.</p>

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Effects of 30-years deficiency fertilization and chemical fertilizer reduction combined with burned soil on cassava yield and microbial community in the rhizosphere soil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月22日

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  • Yunxia Wei,
  • Jie Huang,
  • Ruili Xu,
  • Xinxin Xue

摘要

Background and aims

Cassava adapts to infertile soils, but long-term inadequate fertilization impacts on yield and soil microbes remain unclear. This study aims to evaluate three-decade fertilization effects on cassava productivity, soil microbial communities, and resilience mechanisms to inform sustainable tropical agriculture strategies.

Methods

Rhizosphere soils were sampled from a 30-years experimental field with six treatments: NPK (balanced fertilization), PK (N-deficiency), NK (P-deficiency), NP (K-deficiency), -NPK (no fertilization), and FNPK (50% NPK plus burned soil). High-throughput sequencing was used to analyze microbial community composition and functions.

Results

Deficiency treatments (PK, NK, NP, and -NPK) decreased yield by 38.6% (P = 0.000), 21.3% (P = 0.021), 38.1% (P = 0.000), and 61.6% (P = 0.000) versus NPK, respectively, while FNPK maintained yield (P = 0.480). Compared to NPK, NK intensified acidification (pH decrease 6.0%), and NP depleted organic carbon (34.0% loss), whereas FNPK improved soil pH by 13.6% and nutrients availability. Deficiency fertilization did not significantly impact on bacterial and fungal alpha-diversity, whereas FNPK increased bacterial richness, diversity, and modified bacterial and fungal beta-diversity. Soil pH mainly drove microbial community shifts. FNPK treatment reduced abundances of Acidobacteriota and Crenarchaeota phyla while boosted abundances of Acidobacteriota genus RB41 and Proteobacteria MND1. FNPK shifted dominant fungal phyla from Ascomycota to Basidiomycota, and reduced the wilt-associated genus Melanconiella. PK, NK, and -NPK suppressed key microbial functions, FNPK enhanced functional groups of chemoheterotrophy, and arbuscular mycorrhizal.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that prolonged nitrogen-based fertilization exacerbates soil acidification and disrupts microbial communities, while integrating burned soil with chemical fertilizers can improve fertility and diversity.