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Background and aim <p>Cadmium (Cd) contamination poses a serious threat to the ecological environment. Plant-plant interactions have been considered as efficient phytoremediation methods.</p> Methods <p>This study focused on TL system (<i>Lolium perenne</i>-<i>Trifolium repens</i>) to investigate the interspecific relationships between <i>L. perenne</i> and <i>T. repens</i>, the phytoremediation efficiency to Cd contaminated soil and the response of microbial community and rhizosphere soil metabolism of <i>L. perenne</i> by coupling high-throughput sequencing and soil metabolomics.</p> Results <p>Our results showed that interaction with <i>T. repens</i> always exerted positive effect on <i>L. perenne</i> and significantly reduced Cd concentration in rhizosphere soil of <i>L. perenne</i>. TL system tended to enrich microorganisms related to nitrogen cycle and provided a rhizosphere environment with a strong synergistic effect between bacterial and fungal community under control treatment. The same system tended to enrich microorganisms involved in Cd absorption and reduced the strong synergistic effect under Cd treatment. The metabolomics results showed that under control treatment, interaction with <i>T. repens</i> altered metabolites related to membrane transport. Under Cd stress, the increased Traumatic acid content, together with the enrichment of terpenoid and polyketide metabolic pathways suggested that interaction with <i>T. repens</i> may improve the tolerance of <i>L. perenne</i> to Cd stress by increasing the levels of metabolites related to resistance to Cd stress.</p> Conclusions <p>In summary, this study offers valuable insights into how plant-plant interactions influence microbial communities and rhizosphere soil metabolism in Cd-contaminated soils, thereby providing theoretical foundation for improving phytoremediation strategies.</p>

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Interspecific interaction with Trifolium repens improved the phytoremediation efficiency of Lolium perenne to Cd contaminated soil by changing microbial community, soil metabolome and improving plant growth

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月12日

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  • Na Li,
  • Yuke Li,
  • Ronggui Liu,
  • Jiyi Gong,
  • Chao Wang,
  • Kamran Malik,
  • Lanlan Chen,
  • Jing Zhang,
  • Qing Zhao,
  • Ming Zhu Tian,
  • Zhirui Wen,
  • Jianfeng Wang,
  • Yin Yi

摘要

Background and aim

Cadmium (Cd) contamination poses a serious threat to the ecological environment. Plant-plant interactions have been considered as efficient phytoremediation methods.

Methods

This study focused on TL system (Lolium perenne-Trifolium repens) to investigate the interspecific relationships between L. perenne and T. repens, the phytoremediation efficiency to Cd contaminated soil and the response of microbial community and rhizosphere soil metabolism of L. perenne by coupling high-throughput sequencing and soil metabolomics.

Results

Our results showed that interaction with T. repens always exerted positive effect on L. perenne and significantly reduced Cd concentration in rhizosphere soil of L. perenne. TL system tended to enrich microorganisms related to nitrogen cycle and provided a rhizosphere environment with a strong synergistic effect between bacterial and fungal community under control treatment. The same system tended to enrich microorganisms involved in Cd absorption and reduced the strong synergistic effect under Cd treatment. The metabolomics results showed that under control treatment, interaction with T. repens altered metabolites related to membrane transport. Under Cd stress, the increased Traumatic acid content, together with the enrichment of terpenoid and polyketide metabolic pathways suggested that interaction with T. repens may improve the tolerance of L. perenne to Cd stress by increasing the levels of metabolites related to resistance to Cd stress.

Conclusions

In summary, this study offers valuable insights into how plant-plant interactions influence microbial communities and rhizosphere soil metabolism in Cd-contaminated soils, thereby providing theoretical foundation for improving phytoremediation strategies.