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Aims <p>To investigate the positive impact of super absorbent polymer (SAP) on alleviating water scarcity and enhancing wheat yield in dryland conditions, and evaluate the mechanism by which SAP improves soil structure and optimizes field water retention, thereby increasing winter wheat yield under drip irrigation levels.</p> Methods <p>Field experiments were conducted from 2022 to 2024, with two irrigation levels applied at jointing, booting, flowering, and grouting stages: 60&#xa0;mm (deficit irrigation, d) and 100&#xa0;mm (normal irrigation, n). Four SAP application rates (0, 15, 30, and 45&#xa0;kg&#xa0;ha⁻<sup>1</sup>) were tested, corresponding to treatments p0, p1, p2, and p3. A split-plot design was used, with dp0 and np0 serving as CK1 and CK2, respectively, and dp1, dp2, dp3, and np1, np2, np3 as the experimental groups, each treatment was repeated 3 times.</p> Results <p>The np2 treatment significantly increased wheat yield (+ 13.34%), 1000-grain weight (+ 4.975%), and grain number per spike (+ 12.625%). SAPs application increased evapotranspiration (ET) by 1.94%. SAPs improved soil structure by reducing bulk density and enhancing water holding capacity, relative water content, and soil stability. However, overuse may reduce effective porosity, leading to negative effects. The PLS-SEM model had a goodness of fit of 70.7%, confirming that SAPs indirectly affected ET and yield by improving soil structure.</p> Conclusions <p>Moderate SAPs application under normal irrigation conditions improves soil structure and boosts crop yields. This approach provides valuable insights for sustainable water resource management in areas with moderate water scarcity.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Optimizing superabsorbent polymers applications under drip irrigation: impacts on soil structure, water use efficiency, and winter wheat yield

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月8日

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  • Yihang Du,
  • Hongxiao Duan,
  • Guolong Gao,
  • Wenlu Li,
  • Ludi Zhao,
  • Changxing Zhao

摘要

Aims

To investigate the positive impact of super absorbent polymer (SAP) on alleviating water scarcity and enhancing wheat yield in dryland conditions, and evaluate the mechanism by which SAP improves soil structure and optimizes field water retention, thereby increasing winter wheat yield under drip irrigation levels.

Methods

Field experiments were conducted from 2022 to 2024, with two irrigation levels applied at jointing, booting, flowering, and grouting stages: 60 mm (deficit irrigation, d) and 100 mm (normal irrigation, n). Four SAP application rates (0, 15, 30, and 45 kg ha⁻1) were tested, corresponding to treatments p0, p1, p2, and p3. A split-plot design was used, with dp0 and np0 serving as CK1 and CK2, respectively, and dp1, dp2, dp3, and np1, np2, np3 as the experimental groups, each treatment was repeated 3 times.

Results

The np2 treatment significantly increased wheat yield (+ 13.34%), 1000-grain weight (+ 4.975%), and grain number per spike (+ 12.625%). SAPs application increased evapotranspiration (ET) by 1.94%. SAPs improved soil structure by reducing bulk density and enhancing water holding capacity, relative water content, and soil stability. However, overuse may reduce effective porosity, leading to negative effects. The PLS-SEM model had a goodness of fit of 70.7%, confirming that SAPs indirectly affected ET and yield by improving soil structure.

Conclusions

Moderate SAPs application under normal irrigation conditions improves soil structure and boosts crop yields. This approach provides valuable insights for sustainable water resource management in areas with moderate water scarcity.

Graphical Abstract