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Background and aims <p><i>Myrica rubra</i> plantations exhibit growth decline syndrome involving fruit overloading, yield/quality reduction, and soil degradation While bio-organic fertilizers (BOFs) offer sustainable management potential, their effects on rhizosphere microbiome-soil–plant interactions during decline remain unclear.</p> Methods <p>Three silkworm sand-based BOFs were applied to decline trees. We analyzed rhizosphere microbiome dynamics (high-throughput sequencing and co-occurrence networks), soil properties, phytohormones, and fruit traits (weight and soluble solids). Statistical integration (Pearson’s correlation, random forest modeling) was conducted to identify key drivers of microbiome-soil–plant responses.</p> Results <p>BOFs significantly enhanced rhizosphere microbial α-diversity (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01) and enriched plant-beneficial taxa (e.g., <i>Acidothemus</i>, <i>Frankiales</i>, and <i>Burkholderiales</i>). Microbial networks showed reduced complexity but enhanced stability via increased negative interactions. Soil physicochemical properties were also improved, including elevated pH and phosphorus/potassium availability. These shifts correlated with plant recovery: upregulated phytohormones (salicylic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, jasmonic acid; <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), increased fruit weight (1.8–4.2 g) and soluble solids (1.6–1.8%). Statistical analysis indicated negative associations between soil pH and available nitrogen/phosphorus, all of which are key drivers of rhizosphere microbiome shifts in decline trees treated with BOFs. Moreover, microbial community shifts were associated with phytohormones-mediated plant recovery and fruit traits enhancement.</p> Conclusions <p>BOFs mitigate <i>M. rubra</i> decline by restructuring rhizosphere microbiomes toward stable, functional communities and improving soil properties (pH and available P/K elevation). These coordinated changes optimize microbiome-soil–plant interactions, thereby contributing to increased phytohormone-mediated plant recovery and quantifiable fruit quality improvement. This advances our understanding of BOF-driven decline mitigation and provides a sustainable management strategy<i>.</i></p>

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Silkworm sand-based bio-organic fertilizers reshape rhizosphere microbiomes and modulate soil chemistry for sustainable management of Myrica rubra decline

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月15日

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  • Leidong Hong,
  • Chunlai Hong,
  • Weijing Zhu,
  • Fengxiang Zhu,
  • Weiping Wang,
  • Tao Zhang,
  • Rui Guo,
  • Xingjiang Qi,
  • Xiuqin Zou,
  • Yanlai Yao

摘要

Background and aims

Myrica rubra plantations exhibit growth decline syndrome involving fruit overloading, yield/quality reduction, and soil degradation While bio-organic fertilizers (BOFs) offer sustainable management potential, their effects on rhizosphere microbiome-soil–plant interactions during decline remain unclear.

Methods

Three silkworm sand-based BOFs were applied to decline trees. We analyzed rhizosphere microbiome dynamics (high-throughput sequencing and co-occurrence networks), soil properties, phytohormones, and fruit traits (weight and soluble solids). Statistical integration (Pearson’s correlation, random forest modeling) was conducted to identify key drivers of microbiome-soil–plant responses.

Results

BOFs significantly enhanced rhizosphere microbial α-diversity (P < 0.01) and enriched plant-beneficial taxa (e.g., Acidothemus, Frankiales, and Burkholderiales). Microbial networks showed reduced complexity but enhanced stability via increased negative interactions. Soil physicochemical properties were also improved, including elevated pH and phosphorus/potassium availability. These shifts correlated with plant recovery: upregulated phytohormones (salicylic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, jasmonic acid; P < 0.05), increased fruit weight (1.8–4.2 g) and soluble solids (1.6–1.8%). Statistical analysis indicated negative associations between soil pH and available nitrogen/phosphorus, all of which are key drivers of rhizosphere microbiome shifts in decline trees treated with BOFs. Moreover, microbial community shifts were associated with phytohormones-mediated plant recovery and fruit traits enhancement.

Conclusions

BOFs mitigate M. rubra decline by restructuring rhizosphere microbiomes toward stable, functional communities and improving soil properties (pH and available P/K elevation). These coordinated changes optimize microbiome-soil–plant interactions, thereby contributing to increased phytohormone-mediated plant recovery and quantifiable fruit quality improvement. This advances our understanding of BOF-driven decline mitigation and provides a sustainable management strategy.