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Background and aims <p>Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is central to long-term pedogenesis and overall terrestrial ecosystem development. Rates of asymbiotic BNF are potentially constrained by carbon (C), phosphorus (P), and/or nitrogenase cofactor elements (e.g., iron [Fe], vanadium [V], and molybdenum [Mo]), but our understanding of the biogeochemical trajectories of cofactor elements throughout pedogenesis is limited.</p> Methods <p>Using a ~ 700&#xa0;ka pedogenic chronosequence at Cooloola in eastern Australia, we quantified P, Fe, V, and Mo in soil and litter and tested for C (i.e., energy), P, and/or Mo&#xa0;limitation of asymbiotic BNF using acetylene reduction assays.</p> Results <p>Cofactor elements in soil declined faster than P during pedogenesis, and their relative extractability with chelating agents increased across the chronosequence. Addition of C, P, and/or Mo did not affect asymbiotic BNF in any dune system tested.</p> Conclusion <p>Declines of soil P and cofactor elements during pedogenesis support an underlying influence of weathering on the biogeochemical cycling of these elements. However, dynamics of Fe, V, and Mo diverge from those of P due to increasing chelation by SOM as podzolization advances, whereas P is increasingly present in organic forms. Asymbiotic BNF is seemingly not limited by C, P, or Mo during pedogenesis at Cooloola.</p>

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Dynamics of nitrogenase cofactor elements and resource limitation of asymbiotic biological nitrogen-fixation during long-term pedogenesis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月28日

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  • O. M. Butler,
  • G. Liang,
  • S. Matsumura,
  • C. R. Chen,
  • B. Kaiser,
  • C. R. Warren

摘要

Background and aims

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is central to long-term pedogenesis and overall terrestrial ecosystem development. Rates of asymbiotic BNF are potentially constrained by carbon (C), phosphorus (P), and/or nitrogenase cofactor elements (e.g., iron [Fe], vanadium [V], and molybdenum [Mo]), but our understanding of the biogeochemical trajectories of cofactor elements throughout pedogenesis is limited.

Methods

Using a ~ 700 ka pedogenic chronosequence at Cooloola in eastern Australia, we quantified P, Fe, V, and Mo in soil and litter and tested for C (i.e., energy), P, and/or Mo limitation of asymbiotic BNF using acetylene reduction assays.

Results

Cofactor elements in soil declined faster than P during pedogenesis, and their relative extractability with chelating agents increased across the chronosequence. Addition of C, P, and/or Mo did not affect asymbiotic BNF in any dune system tested.

Conclusion

Declines of soil P and cofactor elements during pedogenesis support an underlying influence of weathering on the biogeochemical cycling of these elements. However, dynamics of Fe, V, and Mo diverge from those of P due to increasing chelation by SOM as podzolization advances, whereas P is increasingly present in organic forms. Asymbiotic BNF is seemingly not limited by C, P, or Mo during pedogenesis at Cooloola.