Background and aims <p>Fertilizer application enhances crop yields but often leads to low utilization rates and environmental pollution. This study aims to investigate the effects of natural humus materials on maize growth and yield, exploring their potential as eco-friendly alternatives.</p> Methods <p>Field experiments were conducted using two natural humus materials (M1: natural humus material grinding fluid, M2: fully water-soluble potassium nitrohumate) and three application methods [spraying (S), drip irrigation (D), and a combination (SD)], as well as a control treatment (CK, fertilize with chemical fertilizers only). Each treatment was replicated three times.</p> Results <p>Both M1 and M2 significantly increased maize yield and biomass compared to the control, with the DM2 treatment showing the highest yield at 11,706&#xa0;kg&#xa0;ha⁻¹, a 16.2% increase. Physiological and biochemical indicators of maize were affected by humus application. Plant hormones, especially indoleacetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA), positively influenced yield, while 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC) negatively affected it. The antioxidant system and nitrogen metabolism played significant roles in yield and photosynthesis.</p> Conclusions <p>Natural humus materials can enhance maize yield, and the selection of appropriate materials and application methods can optimize agricultural productivity sustainably. This study provides insights into the mechanisms by which humus materials influence plant growth, contributing to sustainable agricultural practices.</p>