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Aims <p>Assess hydrothermally modified versus conventional biochar in remediating saline-alkali soils of the Yellow River Delta, focusing on soil salinity (total water-soluble salts, exchangeable sodium ions (EX-Na<sup>+</sup>), alkalinity (ESP)) and microbial activity.</p> Methods <p>Hydrothermal biochars derived from peanut hulls (FBC1), wheat straw (FBC2), corn stalks (FBC3), rice husks (FBC4), and a phosphoric acid-modified biochar were tested. Soil physical properties (porosity, bulk density, cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic matter), salinity parameters, and microbial communities (16S rRNA sequencing) were analyzed.</p> Results <p>Modified biochar reduced total water-soluble salts by 30.7% (vs. 18% for unmodified), EX-Na<sup>+</sup> by 49.67% (vs. 43.49%), and ESP by 59.38% (vs. 51.29%). It enhanced soil nutrients and altered bacterial diversity and abundance, improving microbial nutrient utilization.</p> Conclusions <p>Phosphoric acid-modified biochar lowered bulk density, increased porosity/water retention, and adsorbed salts via high surface area (25% salinity reduction). It boosted CEC and organic matter, enhancing soil buffering. Its superior Na<sup>+</sup>/Cl<sup>−</sup> adsorption and neutralization increased salt adsorption capacity by a factor of 1.8 compared to unmodified biochar. Synergistic effects included optimized bacterial community structure and elevated microbial metabolism, collectively mitigating salinization.</p>

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Effects of hydrothermal charcoal on saline-alkaline soil properties in the Yellow River Delta

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月11日

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  • Shuo Yang,
  • Yujun Ma,
  • Binjie Ji,
  • Hongbo Wang,
  • Fengkai Sun,
  • Mei Li

摘要

Aims

Assess hydrothermally modified versus conventional biochar in remediating saline-alkali soils of the Yellow River Delta, focusing on soil salinity (total water-soluble salts, exchangeable sodium ions (EX-Na+), alkalinity (ESP)) and microbial activity.

Methods

Hydrothermal biochars derived from peanut hulls (FBC1), wheat straw (FBC2), corn stalks (FBC3), rice husks (FBC4), and a phosphoric acid-modified biochar were tested. Soil physical properties (porosity, bulk density, cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic matter), salinity parameters, and microbial communities (16S rRNA sequencing) were analyzed.

Results

Modified biochar reduced total water-soluble salts by 30.7% (vs. 18% for unmodified), EX-Na+ by 49.67% (vs. 43.49%), and ESP by 59.38% (vs. 51.29%). It enhanced soil nutrients and altered bacterial diversity and abundance, improving microbial nutrient utilization.

Conclusions

Phosphoric acid-modified biochar lowered bulk density, increased porosity/water retention, and adsorbed salts via high surface area (25% salinity reduction). It boosted CEC and organic matter, enhancing soil buffering. Its superior Na+/Cl− adsorption and neutralization increased salt adsorption capacity by a factor of 1.8 compared to unmodified biochar. Synergistic effects included optimized bacterial community structure and elevated microbial metabolism, collectively mitigating salinization.