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Background and aims <p>Organic carbon (C) materials, such as biochar, straw, and organic fertilizer (OF), play a significant role in regulating soil nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions and the abundance of nitrogen (N)-cycling genes. Previous data-driven studies have evaluated changes in either N₂O emission or N-cycling gene abundance separately under organic C amendments. However, the link between N₂O emission and the abundance of the <i>nosZ</i> gene (encoding N₂O reductase: responsible for reducing N<sub>2</sub>O to N<sub>2</sub>) has not been comprehensively analyzed.</p> Methods <p>To address this, a meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effects of biochar, straw, and OF application on soil cumulative N₂O emission or N₂O flux alongside <i>nosZ</i> gene abundance. A boosted regression tree (BRT) model was employed to identify key moderators.</p> Results <p>Biochar application significantly reduced soil cumulative N₂O emission, while straw addition had the opposite effect, and OF amendments showed no significant response. The abundance of the <i>nosZ</i> gene increased after biochar and OF amendments and exhibited a negative correlation (mixed-effects model) with soil N₂O cumulative emission or dynamic flux. Furthermore, drivers governing N<sub>2</sub>O cumulative emissions or fluxes were distinctly different as indicated by the BRT model, and changes in N₂O flux were largely explained by the (<i>nirS</i> + <i>nirK</i>)/<i>nosZ</i> ratio and abundance of N-cycling genes (<i>amoA</i>-AOA/AOB, <i>nirS</i>, <i>nirK</i>, and <i>nosZ</i>).</p> Conclusion <p>Overall, the enhanced abundance of the <i>nosZ</i> gene following biochar and OF amendments plays a critical role in reducing N₂O emissions. Future research should focus on unraveling the interactions between organic C properties and N-cycling gene abundance, as well as their regulatory mechanisms underlying N₂O emissions.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Linking N2O emissions and nosZ gene abundance: A meta-analysis of organic carbon amendments in agricultural soils

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月7日

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  • Zhigang Li,
  • Yuchun Yang,
  • Xinru Wang,
  • Yanbing Qi,
  • Xiangyun Yang

摘要

Background and aims

Organic carbon (C) materials, such as biochar, straw, and organic fertilizer (OF), play a significant role in regulating soil nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions and the abundance of nitrogen (N)-cycling genes. Previous data-driven studies have evaluated changes in either N₂O emission or N-cycling gene abundance separately under organic C amendments. However, the link between N₂O emission and the abundance of the nosZ gene (encoding N₂O reductase: responsible for reducing N2O to N2) has not been comprehensively analyzed.

Methods

To address this, a meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effects of biochar, straw, and OF application on soil cumulative N₂O emission or N₂O flux alongside nosZ gene abundance. A boosted regression tree (BRT) model was employed to identify key moderators.

Results

Biochar application significantly reduced soil cumulative N₂O emission, while straw addition had the opposite effect, and OF amendments showed no significant response. The abundance of the nosZ gene increased after biochar and OF amendments and exhibited a negative correlation (mixed-effects model) with soil N₂O cumulative emission or dynamic flux. Furthermore, drivers governing N2O cumulative emissions or fluxes were distinctly different as indicated by the BRT model, and changes in N₂O flux were largely explained by the (nirS + nirK)/nosZ ratio and abundance of N-cycling genes (amoA-AOA/AOB, nirS, nirK, and nosZ).

Conclusion

Overall, the enhanced abundance of the nosZ gene following biochar and OF amendments plays a critical role in reducing N₂O emissions. Future research should focus on unraveling the interactions between organic C properties and N-cycling gene abundance, as well as their regulatory mechanisms underlying N₂O emissions.

Graphical Abstract