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Background and aim <p>Drought poses significant challenges to plant growth and productivity and affects biochemical parameters crucial for their survival and development. However, many research has shown promising avenues for mitigating drought stress through PGPR.</p> Methodology <p>The present work sought to assess under drought stress the effect of Bacillus subtilis PM49 on the development and synthesis of bioactive metabolites of <i>Linum usitatissimum</i> (linseed). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the bacterial strain identified as <i>B. subtilis</i> PM49 was submitted in the NCBI database. Using polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) at four concentrations (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%), in vitro screening was carried out to evaluate the osmotic stress tolerance of the strain Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and gibberellic acid (GA) under stress conditions were also examined for their ability to generate phytohormones, therefore demonstrating their plant growth-promoting potential. Under drought stress, a pot experiment with a totally randomized design (CRD) included both treated and untreated plants was run. Measuring fresh and dry weight, root and shoot length, physiological features (chlorophyll, carotenoids, proline, and sugar content), and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD, CAT, APX), we found that linseed responded to bacterial inoculation under drought.</p> Results <p>In a pot experiment, the drought stress markedly reduced root length, shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight, carotenoids, and chlorophyll content. Under drought stress, inoculation with <i>B. subtilis</i> PM49 (T1) greatly enhanced plant performance, fresh weight rose by 80.6%, dry weight by 103.77%, root length by 56.0%, and shoot length by 35.1% relative to the control. Severe drought (T4) on the other hand decrease root length by 48.8% and shoot length by 48.9%. As drought stress triggered the synthesis and accumulation of protein, proline, sugar, phenolic and flavonoid contents. Likewise, <i>B. Subtillis</i> vividly enhanced these parameters compared to stress plants. Osmotic stress increased the amount of antioxidants (SOD, POD, CAT, and APX) in <i>L. usitatissimum</i>. On the other hand, <i>B. subtillis</i> mitigated the stress by lowering the amount of stress enzymes in inoculated plants. HPLC analysis revealed that <i>B. Subtillis</i> had a variable effect on the IAA, GA, ABA, and SA content of the plants.</p> Conclusion <p>These findings underline the potential of <i>B. Subtilis</i> PM49 as a microbial agent to improve the robustness of <i>L. usitatissimum</i> under drought stress. The thorough analysis of growth and biochemical reactions shows that not all bacterial interactions are equally advantageous; <i>B. subtilis</i> PM49 especially greatly increases stress tolerance. This offers insightful information for creating focused, microbe based agricultural solutions to handle stress brought on by climate change.</p>

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Characterization of Bacillus subtilis PM49 and its Role in Drought Stress Amelioration in Linum usitatissimum L.

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月2日

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  • Mah Rukh,
  • Jehangir Khan,
  • Nizakat Bibi,
  • Mohsin Khan,
  • Najeeba Parre Paker,
  • Fazal ur Rehman,
  • Hassan Javed Chaudhary

摘要

Background and aim

Drought poses significant challenges to plant growth and productivity and affects biochemical parameters crucial for their survival and development. However, many research has shown promising avenues for mitigating drought stress through PGPR.

Methodology

The present work sought to assess under drought stress the effect of Bacillus subtilis PM49 on the development and synthesis of bioactive metabolites of Linum usitatissimum (linseed). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the bacterial strain identified as B. subtilis PM49 was submitted in the NCBI database. Using polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) at four concentrations (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%), in vitro screening was carried out to evaluate the osmotic stress tolerance of the strain Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and gibberellic acid (GA) under stress conditions were also examined for their ability to generate phytohormones, therefore demonstrating their plant growth-promoting potential. Under drought stress, a pot experiment with a totally randomized design (CRD) included both treated and untreated plants was run. Measuring fresh and dry weight, root and shoot length, physiological features (chlorophyll, carotenoids, proline, and sugar content), and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD, CAT, APX), we found that linseed responded to bacterial inoculation under drought.

Results

In a pot experiment, the drought stress markedly reduced root length, shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight, carotenoids, and chlorophyll content. Under drought stress, inoculation with B. subtilis PM49 (T1) greatly enhanced plant performance, fresh weight rose by 80.6%, dry weight by 103.77%, root length by 56.0%, and shoot length by 35.1% relative to the control. Severe drought (T4) on the other hand decrease root length by 48.8% and shoot length by 48.9%. As drought stress triggered the synthesis and accumulation of protein, proline, sugar, phenolic and flavonoid contents. Likewise, B. Subtillis vividly enhanced these parameters compared to stress plants. Osmotic stress increased the amount of antioxidants (SOD, POD, CAT, and APX) in L. usitatissimum. On the other hand, B. subtillis mitigated the stress by lowering the amount of stress enzymes in inoculated plants. HPLC analysis revealed that B. Subtillis had a variable effect on the IAA, GA, ABA, and SA content of the plants.

Conclusion

These findings underline the potential of B. Subtilis PM49 as a microbial agent to improve the robustness of L. usitatissimum under drought stress. The thorough analysis of growth and biochemical reactions shows that not all bacterial interactions are equally advantageous; B. subtilis PM49 especially greatly increases stress tolerance. This offers insightful information for creating focused, microbe based agricultural solutions to handle stress brought on by climate change.