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Aims <p>To quantify how biochar impacts the fate of different kinds of N fertilizers added to the soil–plant system under different irrigation conditions.</p> Methods <p>A rice pot experiment with three different <sup>15</sup>N-enriched tracers (<sup>15</sup>N-urea, <sup>15</sup>N-ammonium and <sup>15</sup>N-nitrate) applied to biochar or no-biochar treatment was conducted under water-saving (WSI) and flooding irrigation (FI) regimes, and plant growth, water productivity and <sup>15</sup>N recovery were measured.</p> Results <p>Over 63% of rice N came from soil indigenous N, and both biochar and WSI enhanced rice N uptake from soil. The match between rice ammonium preference and ammonium supply led to greater rice growth and higher <sup>15</sup>N recovery, which was not influenced by irrigation or biochar treatment. Plant dry biomass, N uptake and <sup>15</sup>N recovery with ammonium supply were 3.36–26.72%, 7.39–32.00% and 12.42–22.81% higher than those with nitrate supply, respectively. Biochar application significantly enhanced soil total N content, root biomass and N uptake, however, there is no significant difference in plant recovery and soil residue of <sup>15</sup>N between biochar treatment and the control. WSI significantly improved the irrigation water productivity (IWP) by 9.59–21.64% with a reduced irrigation amount of 8.59–29.29%, and increased soil <sup>15</sup>N residue by 3.87–37.80% with a decreased <sup>15</sup>N loss of 2.09–33.43%, compared with FI.</p> Conclusions <p>Biochar combined with WSI had stable grain yield and produced the lowest <sup>15</sup>N loss of the rice-soil system when fertilizer-N was applied in the form of ammonium, which is a promising practice to improve N use efficiency and water productivity for rice production.</p>

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Impact of biochar on the fate of 15N-labelled fertilizer in water-saving and flooding irrigated rice-soil system under three different nitrogen sources

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月9日

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  • Xi Chen,
  • Zhihui Wang,
  • Ningbo Cui,
  • Li Guo,
  • Kangning Yu,
  • Haochen Jin,
  • Shikuan Sun

摘要

Aims

To quantify how biochar impacts the fate of different kinds of N fertilizers added to the soil–plant system under different irrigation conditions.

Methods

A rice pot experiment with three different 15N-enriched tracers (15N-urea, 15N-ammonium and 15N-nitrate) applied to biochar or no-biochar treatment was conducted under water-saving (WSI) and flooding irrigation (FI) regimes, and plant growth, water productivity and 15N recovery were measured.

Results

Over 63% of rice N came from soil indigenous N, and both biochar and WSI enhanced rice N uptake from soil. The match between rice ammonium preference and ammonium supply led to greater rice growth and higher 15N recovery, which was not influenced by irrigation or biochar treatment. Plant dry biomass, N uptake and 15N recovery with ammonium supply were 3.36–26.72%, 7.39–32.00% and 12.42–22.81% higher than those with nitrate supply, respectively. Biochar application significantly enhanced soil total N content, root biomass and N uptake, however, there is no significant difference in plant recovery and soil residue of 15N between biochar treatment and the control. WSI significantly improved the irrigation water productivity (IWP) by 9.59–21.64% with a reduced irrigation amount of 8.59–29.29%, and increased soil 15N residue by 3.87–37.80% with a decreased 15N loss of 2.09–33.43%, compared with FI.

Conclusions

Biochar combined with WSI had stable grain yield and produced the lowest 15N loss of the rice-soil system when fertilizer-N was applied in the form of ammonium, which is a promising practice to improve N use efficiency and water productivity for rice production.