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Background and aims <p>Cucumber <i>Fusarium</i> wilt (CFW), caused by <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>cucumerinum</i> (FOC), is a major soil-borne disease that limits cucumber production. In the present study the efficacy of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) amendment in suppressing CFW and the underlying microbial mechanisms are investigated.</p> Methods <p>A pot experiment was conducted to assess the disease suppression and growth promotion effects of SMS amendment on cucumber. The rhizosphere microbiome composition, diversity, and functional potential were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and shotgun metagenomic sequencing.</p> Results <p>The application of 4% SMS effectively suppressed CFW incidence and reduced FOC abundance by tenfold compared to the control. A transplanting assay demonstrated the crucial role of the rhizosphere microbiome in SMS-mediated disease suppression and plant growth promotion. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed a significant enrichment of beneficial bacteria, particularly <i>Bacillus</i> spp., following SMS amendment. Functional analysis indicated that SMS amendment enhanced microbial pathways associated with dissimilatory nitrate reduction and glutamate synthesis, which are linked to the production of antimicrobial compounds. Furthermore, <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> SE58, isolated from SMS-amended rhizosphere, exhibited synergistic disease suppression when combined with SMS.</p> Conclusions <p>SMS effectively suppresses CFW by selectively enriching beneficial rhizosphere bacteria, particularly <i>Bacillus</i> spp. These findings provide new insight into the protective effect of SMS and its potential application in the biological control of soil-borne plant disease.</p>

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Spent mushroom substrate amendment induces suppressiveness against cucumber Fusarium wilt through changes in the rhizosphere microbiome

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月24日

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  • Yuanhang Qu,
  • Tiancong Liu,
  • Lihong Dong,
  • Lemeng Dong,
  • Zhenhe Su,
  • Harro Bouwmeester,
  • Qinggang Guo,
  • Ping Ma

摘要

Background and aims

Cucumber Fusarium wilt (CFW), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (FOC), is a major soil-borne disease that limits cucumber production. In the present study the efficacy of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) amendment in suppressing CFW and the underlying microbial mechanisms are investigated.

Methods

A pot experiment was conducted to assess the disease suppression and growth promotion effects of SMS amendment on cucumber. The rhizosphere microbiome composition, diversity, and functional potential were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and shotgun metagenomic sequencing.

Results

The application of 4% SMS effectively suppressed CFW incidence and reduced FOC abundance by tenfold compared to the control. A transplanting assay demonstrated the crucial role of the rhizosphere microbiome in SMS-mediated disease suppression and plant growth promotion. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed a significant enrichment of beneficial bacteria, particularly Bacillus spp., following SMS amendment. Functional analysis indicated that SMS amendment enhanced microbial pathways associated with dissimilatory nitrate reduction and glutamate synthesis, which are linked to the production of antimicrobial compounds. Furthermore, Bacillus velezensis SE58, isolated from SMS-amended rhizosphere, exhibited synergistic disease suppression when combined with SMS.

Conclusions

SMS effectively suppresses CFW by selectively enriching beneficial rhizosphere bacteria, particularly Bacillus spp. These findings provide new insight into the protective effect of SMS and its potential application in the biological control of soil-borne plant disease.