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Background and aims <p>Nitrogen (N) addition promotes phosphorus (P) accumulation in P-accumulating plants used for phytoextraction; however it remains unclear how N addition affects rhizosphere P availability, microbial interactions and functions to facilitate plant P uptake from high-P soils.</p> Methods <p>The P-accumulating herb <i>Polygonum hydropiper</i> was treated with 100&#xa0;mg N kg<sup>−1</sup> and a control (0&#xa0;mg N kg<sup>−1</sup>) in high-P soils to examine shifts in rhizosphere P availability and fractions, enzyme activities, microbial interactions and functions, and their relations with biomass and P accumulation.</p> Results <p>N addition significantly mobilized rhizosphere soil P of <i>P. hydropiper</i>, evidenced by increased concentration of CaCl<sub>2</sub> extractable P (CaCl<sub>2</sub>-P), enzyme extractable P (enzyme-P), and microbial biomass P (MBP). Additionally, N addition significantly improved the activities of rhizosphere P-, N-, and C-related enzymes, and altered the structures and interactions of bacterial and fungal communities in high-P soils. This resulted in a notable increase in the complexity of intra-trophic and cross-tropic networks and the numbers of keystone species. The relative abundance of bacteria involved in chitinolysis, chemoheterotrophy, aerobic chemoheterotrophy, N fixation, and nitrate reduction was significantly improved by N addition. Additionally, significant positive correlations were observed among rhizosphere CaCl<sub>2</sub>-P, enzyme-P, MBP, enzyme activities, and bacterial communities in relation to shoot P accumulation.</p> Conclusion <p>N addition triggered soil P mobilization and promoted plant P uptake through optimizing rhizosphere extracellular enzymes and microbiome. Our study provides new insights into the rhizosphere mechanisms of improving soil P availability and the P-phytoextraction capability of P-accumulating plants by N addition.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Nitrogen addition improved rhizosphere phosphorus availability and phosphorus-phytoextraction of Polygonum hydropiper through optimizing rhizosphere enzymes, microbial interactions and functions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月27日

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  • Daihua Ye,
  • Xiaoyu Bai,
  • Min Xie,
  • Yujie Li,
  • Tao Liu,
  • Lin Ji,
  • Xizhou Zhang,
  • Huagang Huang,
  • Haiying Yu,
  • Yu Tang,
  • Yongdong Wang,
  • Tingxuan Li

摘要

Background and aims

Nitrogen (N) addition promotes phosphorus (P) accumulation in P-accumulating plants used for phytoextraction; however it remains unclear how N addition affects rhizosphere P availability, microbial interactions and functions to facilitate plant P uptake from high-P soils.

Methods

The P-accumulating herb Polygonum hydropiper was treated with 100 mg N kg−1 and a control (0 mg N kg−1) in high-P soils to examine shifts in rhizosphere P availability and fractions, enzyme activities, microbial interactions and functions, and their relations with biomass and P accumulation.

Results

N addition significantly mobilized rhizosphere soil P of P. hydropiper, evidenced by increased concentration of CaCl2 extractable P (CaCl2-P), enzyme extractable P (enzyme-P), and microbial biomass P (MBP). Additionally, N addition significantly improved the activities of rhizosphere P-, N-, and C-related enzymes, and altered the structures and interactions of bacterial and fungal communities in high-P soils. This resulted in a notable increase in the complexity of intra-trophic and cross-tropic networks and the numbers of keystone species. The relative abundance of bacteria involved in chitinolysis, chemoheterotrophy, aerobic chemoheterotrophy, N fixation, and nitrate reduction was significantly improved by N addition. Additionally, significant positive correlations were observed among rhizosphere CaCl2-P, enzyme-P, MBP, enzyme activities, and bacterial communities in relation to shoot P accumulation.

Conclusion

N addition triggered soil P mobilization and promoted plant P uptake through optimizing rhizosphere extracellular enzymes and microbiome. Our study provides new insights into the rhizosphere mechanisms of improving soil P availability and the P-phytoextraction capability of P-accumulating plants by N addition.

Graphical abstract