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Aims <p>Swine manure as an alternative amendment has proven to effectively alleviate red soil acidification, but the mechanisms are not fully understood.</p> Methods <p>A 32-year field experiment was selected to investigate the effectiveness of swine manure amendment on red soil aluminum species, and their contribution to acidification and maize yields. The treatments included no fertilization (control), chemical nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK), NPK with straw return (NPKS), NPK combined with swine manure (NPKM), and swine manure only (M).</p> Results <p>As compared to control, soil total aluminum (Al<sub>t</sub>) decreased by 10.12 and 21.15&#xa0;g&#xa0;kg<sup>−1</sup> under NPKM and M, respectively, while mineral aluminum (Al<sub>min</sub>) and iron oxide-bound aluminum (Al<sub>DCB</sub>) decreased by 5.36—20.12&#xa0;g&#xa0;kg<sup>−1</sup> and 674.77—772.98&#xa0;mg&#xa0;kg<sup>−1</sup> under NPKS, NPKM and M&#xa0;treatments. Aluminum hydroxide (Al<sub>oh</sub>) increased by 158.02 and 330.16&#xa0;mg&#xa0;kg<sup>−1</sup> under NPKM and M&#xa0;treatments, but decreased 101.00&#xa0;mg&#xa0;kg<sup>−1</sup> under NPK&#xa0;treatment. Exchangeable aluminum (Al<sub>ex</sub>) increased by 702.71 and 624.95&#xa0;mg&#xa0;kg<sup>−1</sup> under NPK and NPKS&#xa0;treatments, respectively. The correlation analysis showed that maize yields were positively affected by soil pH and Al<sub>oh</sub>, but negatively correlated with Al<sub>ex</sub> (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Furthermore, Al<sub>ex</sub> was negatively correlated with soil pH, exchangeable calcium&#xa0;(Ex.Ca<sup>2+</sup>) and Al<sub>oh</sub>. The Al<sub>oh</sub> was positively correlated with soil pH, Ex.Ca<sup>2+</sup>, soil organic matter fractions, dissolved organic matter component 1 and component 2.</p> Conclusions <p>This research indicates that long-term swine manure amendment reduced total aluminum but increased aluminum hydroxide in surface soil, which played an important role in preventing red soil acidification and sustaining maize yields.</p>

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Total aluminum reduced but aluminum hydroxide increased in red soil of southern China after long-term swine manure amendment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月6日

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  • Haihua Qiu,
  • Shilin Wen,
  • Lu Zhang,
  • Minggang Xu,
  • Zejiang Cai

摘要

Aims

Swine manure as an alternative amendment has proven to effectively alleviate red soil acidification, but the mechanisms are not fully understood.

Methods

A 32-year field experiment was selected to investigate the effectiveness of swine manure amendment on red soil aluminum species, and their contribution to acidification and maize yields. The treatments included no fertilization (control), chemical nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK), NPK with straw return (NPKS), NPK combined with swine manure (NPKM), and swine manure only (M).

Results

As compared to control, soil total aluminum (Alt) decreased by 10.12 and 21.15 g kg−1 under NPKM and M, respectively, while mineral aluminum (Almin) and iron oxide-bound aluminum (AlDCB) decreased by 5.36—20.12 g kg−1 and 674.77—772.98 mg kg−1 under NPKS, NPKM and M treatments. Aluminum hydroxide (Aloh) increased by 158.02 and 330.16 mg kg−1 under NPKM and M treatments, but decreased 101.00 mg kg−1 under NPK treatment. Exchangeable aluminum (Alex) increased by 702.71 and 624.95 mg kg−1 under NPK and NPKS treatments, respectively. The correlation analysis showed that maize yields were positively affected by soil pH and Aloh, but negatively correlated with Alex (p < 0.01). Furthermore, Alex was negatively correlated with soil pH, exchangeable calcium (Ex.Ca2+) and Aloh. The Aloh was positively correlated with soil pH, Ex.Ca2+, soil organic matter fractions, dissolved organic matter component 1 and component 2.

Conclusions

This research indicates that long-term swine manure amendment reduced total aluminum but increased aluminum hydroxide in surface soil, which played an important role in preventing red soil acidification and sustaining maize yields.