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Background and aims <p>Global climate change has exacerbated waterlogging in riparian ecosystems, necessitating research on plant nutrient adaptation and soil responses under waterlogging stress for ecological restoration. This study focuses on <i>Cenchrus fungigraminus</i>, a key slope-protecting plant in the Yellow River Basin, under controlled waterlogging conditions.</p> Methods <p>Plants were subjected to 30&#xa0;days of three treatments: non-waterlogged management (CK), root waterlogging (Wr), and above-ground waterlogging (Wa). Growth traits, C, N, and P stoichiometry in plant organs, rhizosphere soil nutrients, enzyme activities, and nutrient dynamics were evaluated.</p> Results <p>Waterlogging significantly suppressed plant height, stem diameter, tiller number, and leaf morphological traits, with the most pronounced inhibition observed in the Wa group. Nevertheless, the plant survival rate remained at 100%. In the rhizosphere soil, total K, available K, available P, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N contents, and INV, URE, and AKP activities declined, whereas NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N and CAT activity increased. Waterlogging enhanced the plant’s C and N contents, raising the C:N, C:P, and N:P ratios, while reducing P content and the uptake of K, and Mg. However, the uptake of Ca and Fe increased. Under nutrient-limited and hypoxic conditions, <i>C. fungigraminus</i> reduced its growth rate but enhanced N and P utilization efficiency to better adapt to waterlogging. The plant’s C, N, and P stoichiometric characteristics were closely related to soil properties, with the element stability ranked as N &gt; C &gt; P, and the stability of ratios as N:P &gt; C:P &gt; C:N. <i>C. fungigraminus</i> growth was nitrogen-limited, with increased limitation under deeper waterlogging. Nitrogen fertilization could alleviate this limitation.</p> Conclusions <p>By slowing growth, optimizing nutrient allocation, and improving nutrient use efficiency, <i>C. fungigraminus</i> adopts a Quiescence strategy to cope with waterlogging stress. It shows strong survival in waterlogged conditions and plays a key role in maintaining the stability of riparian vegetation community structure and ecosystem functions.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus ecological stoichiometry in Cenchrus fungigraminus and soil under waterlogging stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月10日

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  • Simeng Song,
  • Hengyu Zhou,
  • Pingxuan Li,
  • Lin Zhang,
  • Dewei Su,
  • Dan Zheng,
  • Zhaoxiong Zhang,
  • Zongzhi Luo,
  • Shikui Yu,
  • Bin Liu,
  • Zhanxi Lin,
  • Dongmei Lin

摘要

Background and aims

Global climate change has exacerbated waterlogging in riparian ecosystems, necessitating research on plant nutrient adaptation and soil responses under waterlogging stress for ecological restoration. This study focuses on Cenchrus fungigraminus, a key slope-protecting plant in the Yellow River Basin, under controlled waterlogging conditions.

Methods

Plants were subjected to 30 days of three treatments: non-waterlogged management (CK), root waterlogging (Wr), and above-ground waterlogging (Wa). Growth traits, C, N, and P stoichiometry in plant organs, rhizosphere soil nutrients, enzyme activities, and nutrient dynamics were evaluated.

Results

Waterlogging significantly suppressed plant height, stem diameter, tiller number, and leaf morphological traits, with the most pronounced inhibition observed in the Wa group. Nevertheless, the plant survival rate remained at 100%. In the rhizosphere soil, total K, available K, available P, NO3−-N contents, and INV, URE, and AKP activities declined, whereas NH4+-N and CAT activity increased. Waterlogging enhanced the plant’s C and N contents, raising the C:N, C:P, and N:P ratios, while reducing P content and the uptake of K, and Mg. However, the uptake of Ca and Fe increased. Under nutrient-limited and hypoxic conditions, C. fungigraminus reduced its growth rate but enhanced N and P utilization efficiency to better adapt to waterlogging. The plant’s C, N, and P stoichiometric characteristics were closely related to soil properties, with the element stability ranked as N > C > P, and the stability of ratios as N:P > C:P > C:N. C. fungigraminus growth was nitrogen-limited, with increased limitation under deeper waterlogging. Nitrogen fertilization could alleviate this limitation.

Conclusions

By slowing growth, optimizing nutrient allocation, and improving nutrient use efficiency, C. fungigraminus adopts a Quiescence strategy to cope with waterlogging stress. It shows strong survival in waterlogged conditions and plays a key role in maintaining the stability of riparian vegetation community structure and ecosystem functions.

Graphical Abstract