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Aims <p>Forest canopy density can change the soil function and quality by altering the understory microenvironment. A comprehensive assessment of soil quality is essential for the development of sustainable forest management practices.</p> Methods <p>In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of different canopy densities including forest gap (FG), forest edge (FE), medium-canopy density 0.4–0.6 (MCD), and high-canopy density 0.7–0.9 (HCD) on soil properties and soil quality index (SQI), and further to determine the main indicators that influence soil quality. The SQI was calculated using principal component analysis (PCA) and minimum data set (MDS) for indicator selection and weight assignment.</p> Results <p>Our results showed that pH decreased significantly with increasing canopy density (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). In addition, soil organic carbon (SOC) and total phosphorus (TP) were significantly improved, and soil microbial phosphorus limitation gradually changed to nitrogen limitation with increasing canopy density. The SQI values ranged from 0.37 to 0.62, with the highest value in MCD. The MDS including leucine aminopeptidase (LAP; weight 0.27), soil available potassium (AK; weight 0.25), soil total nitrogen (TN; weight 0.23), and soil available phosphorus (SAP; weight 0.26) accounted for 80.79% of the variation in soil quality index.</p> Conclusion <p>Overall, the findings collectively indicated that medium canopy density (MCD) was beneficial for maintaining SQI. This study provides guidance for the sustainable management of a secondary forest.</p>

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Canopy density affects nutrient limitation and soil quality index in a secondary forest, in China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月24日

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  • Wenju Chen,
  • Xin Zhang,
  • Yanqiu Wang,
  • Junzhe Wang,
  • Yuchao Zhi,
  • Runqin Wu,
  • Dexiang Wang

摘要

Aims

Forest canopy density can change the soil function and quality by altering the understory microenvironment. A comprehensive assessment of soil quality is essential for the development of sustainable forest management practices.

Methods

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of different canopy densities including forest gap (FG), forest edge (FE), medium-canopy density 0.4–0.6 (MCD), and high-canopy density 0.7–0.9 (HCD) on soil properties and soil quality index (SQI), and further to determine the main indicators that influence soil quality. The SQI was calculated using principal component analysis (PCA) and minimum data set (MDS) for indicator selection and weight assignment.

Results

Our results showed that pH decreased significantly with increasing canopy density (P < 0.05). In addition, soil organic carbon (SOC) and total phosphorus (TP) were significantly improved, and soil microbial phosphorus limitation gradually changed to nitrogen limitation with increasing canopy density. The SQI values ranged from 0.37 to 0.62, with the highest value in MCD. The MDS including leucine aminopeptidase (LAP; weight 0.27), soil available potassium (AK; weight 0.25), soil total nitrogen (TN; weight 0.23), and soil available phosphorus (SAP; weight 0.26) accounted for 80.79% of the variation in soil quality index.

Conclusion

Overall, the findings collectively indicated that medium canopy density (MCD) was beneficial for maintaining SQI. This study provides guidance for the sustainable management of a secondary forest.