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Background and aims <p>In temperate annual cropping systems, an asynchrony between soil inorganic nitrogen (N) availability and plant N uptake is hypothesized to be a major source of poor N fertilizer use efficiency and environmental N losses. However,&#xa0;relationships between the timing of&#xa0;plant&#xa0;N uptake and soil N availability are poorly understood due to a lack of high-resolution time-series measurements.</p> Methods <p>We measured soil inorganic N pool size from 0–30&#xa0;cm and 30–60&#xa0;cm as well as maize (<i>Zea mays</i>) N uptake at high temporal resolution throughout the growing season across nine site-years. Using these data, we developed models based on growing degree days (GDDs) to quantify the&#xa0;asynchrony between soil N pool size and crop N uptake We used absolute values (kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>) and standardized values as a percent of maximum soil and plant N pool sizes for each site-year.</p> Results <p>The maximum rate of maize N uptake lagged the maximum rate of soil inorganic N depletion by 91 and 185 GDDs for models of absolute and standardized data. By the cessation of maize N uptake, soil inorganic N pool size declined to &lt; 20% of initial values (&lt; 35&#xa0;kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>).</p> Conclusion <p>Our data provide a valuable resource to quantify and reduce asynchrony between soil N availability and maize N demand. The models&#xa0;developed herein can transfer across&#xa0;other locations.&#xa0;To improve N fertilizer management.</p>

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Quantifying the timing asynchrony between soil nitrogen availability and maize nitrogen uptake

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月27日

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  • Yunjiao Zhu,
  • Sotirios V. Archontoulis,
  • Michael J. Castellano

摘要

Background and aims

In temperate annual cropping systems, an asynchrony between soil inorganic nitrogen (N) availability and plant N uptake is hypothesized to be a major source of poor N fertilizer use efficiency and environmental N losses. However, relationships between the timing of plant N uptake and soil N availability are poorly understood due to a lack of high-resolution time-series measurements.

Methods

We measured soil inorganic N pool size from 0–30 cm and 30–60 cm as well as maize (Zea mays) N uptake at high temporal resolution throughout the growing season across nine site-years. Using these data, we developed models based on growing degree days (GDDs) to quantify the asynchrony between soil N pool size and crop N uptake We used absolute values (kg N ha−1) and standardized values as a percent of maximum soil and plant N pool sizes for each site-year.

Results

The maximum rate of maize N uptake lagged the maximum rate of soil inorganic N depletion by 91 and 185 GDDs for models of absolute and standardized data. By the cessation of maize N uptake, soil inorganic N pool size declined to < 20% of initial values (< 35 kg N ha−1).

Conclusion

Our data provide a valuable resource to quantify and reduce asynchrony between soil N availability and maize N demand. The models developed herein can transfer across other locations. To improve N fertilizer management.