<p>Starch represents the primary nutritional component in the cereal endosperm, typically constituting more than 80% of its dry weight, and serves as the core component determining final yield and quality. Starch metabolism in the endosperm is an extremely complex process that requires the precise coordination of a series of key enzymes and is regulated by multiple transcription factors. While significant progress has been made in understanding starch biosynthesis and degradation in recent years, the regulatory factors underlying starch metabolism remain limited. Here, we systematically summarize recent advances in gene cloning and the molecular factors associated with starch metabolism in cereal grain. This review will enhance the understanding of starch metabolism regulation and provide a solid theoretical foundation for improving grain yield and quality in cereal.</p>