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<p>Fruit aroma is a key determinant of organoleptic quality in strawberry (<i>Fragaria × ananassa</i>), with volatile esters being the major contributors to its characteristic scent. Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the conversion of aldehydes into alcohols, which serve as essential precursors for ester biosynthesis via alcohol acyltransferases (AAT). Despite their potential role in aroma formation, the molecular identity and functional properties of ADH family members in strawberry remain largely unexplored. Here, we present a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the <i>FaADH</i> gene family in the cultivated strawberry genome. Eleven <i>FaADH</i> genes were identified and characterized based on gene structure, phylogeny, and promoter <i>cis</i>-element composition. Expression profiling across five fruit developmental stages revealed dynamic regulation of several isoforms, with <i>FaADH5</i>, <i>FaADH8</i>, and <i>FaADH11</i> showing strong expression during early fruit development. These patterns were consistent with biochemical assays, which showed declining total ADH enzymatic activity as ripening progressed. Homology-based protein modeling and molecular docking predicted differential substrate affinities among isoforms, with FaADH5 and FaADH8 displaying favorable binding to 1-butanol and 1-hexanol. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations further confirmed the structural stability of these interactions over time. The integration of expression, activity, and structural data supports a functional specialization within the FaADH family, with select isoforms likely contributing directly to the alcohol pool required for ester formation. These findings provide new insights into the molecular basis of aroma development in strawberry and highlight <i>FaADH</i> genes as potential targets for breeding or metabolic engineering aimed at improving fruit flavor.</p>

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Changes in Alcohol dehydrogenase gene expression throughout strawberry fruit ripening process

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月18日

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  • Daniel Bustos,
  • David Alarcón-Muñoz,
  • Francisca Arriaza-Rodríguez,
  • Felipe Moraga,
  • Gabriela Urra,
  • Carolina Parra-Palma,
  • Francisca Hormazabal-Abarza,
  • Patricio Ramos,
  • Luis Morales-Quintana

摘要

Fruit aroma is a key determinant of organoleptic quality in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), with volatile esters being the major contributors to its characteristic scent. Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the conversion of aldehydes into alcohols, which serve as essential precursors for ester biosynthesis via alcohol acyltransferases (AAT). Despite their potential role in aroma formation, the molecular identity and functional properties of ADH family members in strawberry remain largely unexplored. Here, we present a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the FaADH gene family in the cultivated strawberry genome. Eleven FaADH genes were identified and characterized based on gene structure, phylogeny, and promoter cis-element composition. Expression profiling across five fruit developmental stages revealed dynamic regulation of several isoforms, with FaADH5, FaADH8, and FaADH11 showing strong expression during early fruit development. These patterns were consistent with biochemical assays, which showed declining total ADH enzymatic activity as ripening progressed. Homology-based protein modeling and molecular docking predicted differential substrate affinities among isoforms, with FaADH5 and FaADH8 displaying favorable binding to 1-butanol and 1-hexanol. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations further confirmed the structural stability of these interactions over time. The integration of expression, activity, and structural data supports a functional specialization within the FaADH family, with select isoforms likely contributing directly to the alcohol pool required for ester formation. These findings provide new insights into the molecular basis of aroma development in strawberry and highlight FaADH genes as potential targets for breeding or metabolic engineering aimed at improving fruit flavor.