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Purpose <p>Available stimulation tests for growth hormone (GH) deficiency are burdensome or require intravenous access, highlighting the need for accessible, oral options. Increasing plasma urea through oral ingestion may stimulate GH secretion via feedback regulation. In this analysis, we investigated the effect of oral urea on GH levels.</p> Methods <p>This is a secondary analysis of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over trial in healthy adults. They received a single weight-adapted dose of oral urea (0.5&#xa0;g/kg body weight; 30–45&#xa0;g) or placebo in random order. Serum GH was measured at baseline, 60 and 120&#xa0;min. The main outcome was the difference in absolute GH levels after placebo and urea intake.</p> Results <p>Of 22 healthy adults, 12 (55%) were female, with a median [IQR] age of 27 years [26, 32] and a body mass index of 23.3&#xa0;kg/m<sup>2</sup> [21.6, 25.8]. Before urea ingestion, baseline plasma urea was 4.4 mmol/L [3.5, 5.0], peaking after 60&#xa0;min at 16.8 mmol/L [14.5, 18.0]. During the placebo visit, baseline urea levels were 4.3 mmol/L [3.7, 5.6] and remained stable during observation. Upon urea ingestion, median GH at baseline was 0.83&#xa0;µg/l [0.28, 5.75], maximum GH levels were observed after 120&#xa0;min at 1.00&#xa0;µg/l [0.71, 2.34]. GH levels during placebo testing were 0.93&#xa0;µg/l [0.38, 5.34] at baseline and 0.73&#xa0;µg/l [0.18, 1.59] at 120&#xa0;min (<i>p</i> = 0.08).</p> Conclusion <p>Oral urea does not significantly stimulate GH secretion and cannot be used as a stimulation test for GH deficiency.</p>

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Effect of oral urea ingestion on growth hormone levels in healthy adults - a secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月10日

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  • Friederike Riehle,
  • Sven Lustenberger,
  • Emanuel Christ,
  • Sophie Monnerat,
  • Cihan Atila,
  • Mirjam Christ-Crain

摘要

Purpose

Available stimulation tests for growth hormone (GH) deficiency are burdensome or require intravenous access, highlighting the need for accessible, oral options. Increasing plasma urea through oral ingestion may stimulate GH secretion via feedback regulation. In this analysis, we investigated the effect of oral urea on GH levels.

Methods

This is a secondary analysis of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over trial in healthy adults. They received a single weight-adapted dose of oral urea (0.5 g/kg body weight; 30–45 g) or placebo in random order. Serum GH was measured at baseline, 60 and 120 min. The main outcome was the difference in absolute GH levels after placebo and urea intake.

Results

Of 22 healthy adults, 12 (55%) were female, with a median [IQR] age of 27 years [26, 32] and a body mass index of 23.3 kg/m2 [21.6, 25.8]. Before urea ingestion, baseline plasma urea was 4.4 mmol/L [3.5, 5.0], peaking after 60 min at 16.8 mmol/L [14.5, 18.0]. During the placebo visit, baseline urea levels were 4.3 mmol/L [3.7, 5.6] and remained stable during observation. Upon urea ingestion, median GH at baseline was 0.83 µg/l [0.28, 5.75], maximum GH levels were observed after 120 min at 1.00 µg/l [0.71, 2.34]. GH levels during placebo testing were 0.93 µg/l [0.38, 5.34] at baseline and 0.73 µg/l [0.18, 1.59] at 120 min (p = 0.08).

Conclusion

Oral urea does not significantly stimulate GH secretion and cannot be used as a stimulation test for GH deficiency.