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Purpose <p>Prolactinoma is the most common functional pituitary adenoma. As for gender disparity in the metabolic state, males tended to have higher rates of metabolic disorders, while treatment with dopamine agonists enabled partial improvement in metabolic disorders. Oral medication used to be the first-line treatment option; thus, the efficacy of dopamine receptor agonists is linked to the intestinal microenvironment. The gut microbiome is known to interact with host physiology and metabolic profile. Therefore, it is necessary to uncover the linkages between the alteration of gut microbiota and prolactinoma.</p> Methods <p>28 Patients diagnosed with prolactinoma and 31 healthy controls were included. Fecal samples were collected for 16&#xa0;S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomic sequencing to identify featured intestinal microflora between patients and healthy individuals, as well as to examine how gender and dopamine agonists affect the gut microbiome’s structure.</p> Results <p><i>Agathobacter</i>, <i>Blautia</i>, <i>Dorea</i>, <i>Fusicatenibacter</i>, and <i>Mediterraneibacter</i> were prominent in the PRLoma group. <i>Bilophila wadsworthia</i>, <i>Clostridium sp. CAG:7</i>, <i>Megasphaera elsdenii</i>, and <i>Mycoplasma sp. CAG:472</i> were independently associated with metabolic disorders in male patients. This metabolic regulatory effect may result from the levels of Xylose, the glycine to serine ratio, N2-acetyl, N6, N6-dimethyllysine levels, and the cholesterol to oleoyl-linoleoyl-glycerol (18:1 to 18:2) ratio in plasma. Furthermore, administering dopamine agonists reduced harmful species such as <i>Fusobacterium mortiferum</i>, <i>Bacteroides fragilis</i>, and <i>Ruminococcus biciculans</i>, potentially contributing to an improved metabolic status.</p> Conclusions <p>Patients with prolactinoma have different intestinal flora than healthy individuals. In addition to the occurrence of prolactinoma and concomitant serum prolactin excess, the gender effect and administration of dopamine agonists are also involved in regulating intestinal microbiota and the metabolic status of the host.</p>

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Microbiome and metabolic disorder in prolactinoma: intrinsic gender differences and extrinsic therapy effects

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月3日

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  • Zhen Ye,
  • Yifei Yu,
  • Zhan Cao,
  • Zhao Ye,
  • Xufang Gu,
  • Xiaoxu Shen,
  • Boyu Cai,
  • Ben Lin,
  • Chenxing Ji,
  • Nidan Qiao,
  • Zerui Wu,
  • Zhengyuan Chen,
  • Zengyi Ma,
  • Long Chen,
  • Buqing Liang,
  • Yankai Liao,
  • Wenqiang He,
  • Qing Shen,
  • Jiaxin Han,
  • Xiaoyun Cao,
  • Xiang Zhou,
  • Xuefei Shou,
  • Ming Shen,
  • Yongfei Wang,
  • Zhaoyun Zhang,
  • Hongying Ye,
  • Qilin Zhang,
  • Renyuan Gao,
  • Yichao Zhang

摘要

Purpose

Prolactinoma is the most common functional pituitary adenoma. As for gender disparity in the metabolic state, males tended to have higher rates of metabolic disorders, while treatment with dopamine agonists enabled partial improvement in metabolic disorders. Oral medication used to be the first-line treatment option; thus, the efficacy of dopamine receptor agonists is linked to the intestinal microenvironment. The gut microbiome is known to interact with host physiology and metabolic profile. Therefore, it is necessary to uncover the linkages between the alteration of gut microbiota and prolactinoma.

Methods

28 Patients diagnosed with prolactinoma and 31 healthy controls were included. Fecal samples were collected for 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomic sequencing to identify featured intestinal microflora between patients and healthy individuals, as well as to examine how gender and dopamine agonists affect the gut microbiome’s structure.

Results

Agathobacter, Blautia, Dorea, Fusicatenibacter, and Mediterraneibacter were prominent in the PRLoma group. Bilophila wadsworthia, Clostridium sp. CAG:7, Megasphaera elsdenii, and Mycoplasma sp. CAG:472 were independently associated with metabolic disorders in male patients. This metabolic regulatory effect may result from the levels of Xylose, the glycine to serine ratio, N2-acetyl, N6, N6-dimethyllysine levels, and the cholesterol to oleoyl-linoleoyl-glycerol (18:1 to 18:2) ratio in plasma. Furthermore, administering dopamine agonists reduced harmful species such as Fusobacterium mortiferum, Bacteroides fragilis, and Ruminococcus biciculans, potentially contributing to an improved metabolic status.

Conclusions

Patients with prolactinoma have different intestinal flora than healthy individuals. In addition to the occurrence of prolactinoma and concomitant serum prolactin excess, the gender effect and administration of dopamine agonists are also involved in regulating intestinal microbiota and the metabolic status of the host.